Publication:
運動性別意識、過去接觸經驗與對同性戀運動選手態度之預測

dc.contributor.advisor廖主民
dc.contributor.advisorLiao, Chu-Min
dc.creator商雅婷
dc.creatorShang, Ya-Ting
dc.date2006
dc.date.accessioned2017-02-22T15:28:05Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-30T15:18:37Z
dc.date.available2017-02-22T15:28:05Z
dc.date.issued2017-02-22T15:28:05Z
dc.description學位類別:碩士
dc.description校院名稱:國立台灣體育學院
dc.description系所名稱:休閒運動管理研究所
dc.description學號:19302014
dc.description畢業學年度:94年
dc.description論文頁數:87頁
dc.description.abstract  本研究的目的是以Herek(1984;1986;1987)所提出的態度的三種功能取向,包括經驗基模功能、自我表達功能及防禦性功能為基礎,檢驗運動性別意識及過去接觸經驗在預測運動領域中成員對同性戀選手之態度時是否有交互作用。以國內大專院校代表隊之350位選手和94位教練進行問卷施測,並以階層迴歸分析進行資料檢驗。研究發現,對男選手和女教練而言,運動性別意識較低或是過去接觸經驗較好,對同性戀選手的態度會較正向,但運動性別意識和過去接觸經驗對態度的預測力不會互相影響。而對女選手和男教練而言,過去接觸經驗較好,對同性戀選手的態度也會較正向,但運動性別意識對態度並無影響,且運動性別意識和過去接觸經驗也無交互作用。研究發現不僅提供了我們在試圖改變態度時的策略思考也提醒了在探討態度的自我表達功能時,應考慮到不同族群其所欲表達或用以肯定自我的價值觀的不同。另外,運動性別意識和過去接觸經驗兩者對態度之預測力互相影響的機制,是否為對同性戀認知層面的改變,有待後續研究進一步探討。
dc.description.abstract  The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of sport gender ideology and past contact experiences on predicting attitudes toward homosexual athletes, based on Herek’s(1984;1986;1987) three-function approach. Three hundred and fifty athletes and ninety-four coaches from college varsity teams were surveyed. Hierarchical regressions showed that, for male athletes and female coaches, a lower level of sport gender ideology and better previous experiences with homosexuals led to a more positive attitude toward homosexual athletes. However, no interaction of sport gender ideology and past contact experiences on attitudes was found. Meanwhile, for female athletes and male coaches, better experiences with homosexuals were found to be associated with a more positive attitude toward homosexual athletes, but no sport gender ideology main effect nor an interaction were found.
dc.description.tableofcontents第壹章 緒論………………………………………………01  第一節 問題背景………………………………………01  第二節 運動領域中的性別意識型態…………………03  第三節 同性戀心理學研究……………………………07  第四節 過去對於個體反同性戀之概念描述…………09  第五節 對同性戀的態度研究…………………………11  第六節 對同性戀態度的功能取向……………………15  第七節 研究目的………………………………………20  第八節 研究問題………………………………………23  第九節 研究假設………………………………………24 第貳章 研究方法…………………………………………26  第一節 測量工具………………………………………26  第二節 預試……………………………………………31  第三節 正式施測………………………………………31 第參章 結果………………………………………………35 第肆章 討論………………………………………………51  第一節 對同性戀選手的態度…………………………51  第二節 過去接觸經驗與態度…………………………54  第三節 運動性別意識與態度…………………………55  第四節 應用上的意義…………………………………57  第五節 研究限制和未來研究方向……………………59  第六節 結論……………………………………………61 參考文獻……………………………………………………63  附錄………………………………………………………73
dc.format.extent200028 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.ntus.edu.tw/handle/987654321/70576
dc.languagezh-TW
dc.publisher休閒運動管理研究所
dc.relation.isbasedon蔡嘉安(2003)。性別角色刻板印象之家庭社會化因素探討─以台北地區國中二年級學生為樣本。未出版碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學,台北市。 塗沅澂(2002)。個體對同性戀所持態度之外顯測量與內隱測量比較。未出版碩士論文,私立台灣輔仁大學,台北市。 Abbott, P. and Wallace C. (1990). An introduction to sociology: Feminist perspectives.女性主義觀點的社會學。俞智敏等(譯)。台北市,巨流。 Ajzen, I.(1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. Anderson, E. (2002). Openly gay athletes. Gender & Society, 16, 860-877. Block, J. H. (1976). Issues, problems, and pitfalls in assessing sex differences: A crititcal review of “ The Psychology of Sex Differences”. Merrill-Palmer Q, 22, 283-308. Broido, E. M. (2000). Constructing identity: The nature amd meaning of lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities. In R. M. Perez, K. A. DeBord, & K. J. Bieschke (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual client (p.13-33). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Brownworth, V. A. (1994). The competitive closet. In S. F. Rogers (Ed.), Sportsdykes: Stories from on and off the field (p. 74-86). New York: St. Martin’s Publishers. Bryson, L. (1990). Challenges to male hegemony in sport. In D. Sabo and M. Messner (Ed. ) Sport, men and the gender order. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic Publishers. Coakley(2004).Gender and Sports. In Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies. (pp. 16- 28). NY: McGraw-Hill Publishers. Crowne, D. P., and Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-354. Csizman, K. A., Wittig. A. F., and Schurr, K. T.(1988). Sport stereotypes and gender. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 62-74. Eagly, A. H. and Chaiken, S. (1993).The psychology of attitudes. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publications. Estrada, A. X. and Weiss, D. J. (1999). Attitudes of military personnel toward homosexuals. Journal of homosexuality, 37(4), 83-97. Fazio, R. H. and Olson, M. A.(2003). Attitudes: Foundations, functions, and consequences. In M. A. Hogg and J. Cooper(Ed. )The Sage Handbook of Social Psychology.(p.139-160). Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications. Franklin, K. (1998). Unassuming motivations: Contextualizing the narratives of antigay assailants. In G. M. Herek (Ed.). Stigma and Sexual Orientation.(p.1-23). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Gray, C., Russell, P., and Blockley, S. (1991). The effects upon helping behavior of wearing pro-gay identification. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 171-178. Greene, B. (1994). Lesbian and gay sexual orientations: Implications for clinical training, practice, and research. In B. Greene and G. Herek (Ed.). Contemporary perspectives in lesbian and gay psychology. (p.1-24.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Griffin, P. and Genasci, J. (1990). Addressing homophobia in physical education: responsibilities for teachers and researchers. In M. A. Messner & D. F. Sabo (Ed). Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspective. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers. Griffin, P. (1992). Changing the game: Homophobia, sexism, and lesbians in sport. Quest, 44, 251- 265. Griffin, P. (1994). Homophobia in sport: Addressing the needs of lesbian and gay high school athletes. High School Journal, 77, 80-87. Griffin, P. (1998). Sport: Where men are men and women are trespassers. In Strong women, deep closets: Lesbians and homophobia in sport (pp. 16- 28). IL: Human Kinetics Publishers. Haddock, G. and Zanna, M. P. (1998). Homophobia in the courtroom: An assessment of biases against gay men and lesbians in a multiethnic sample of potential jurors. In G. M. Herek (Ed.). Stigma and Sexual Orientation.(p.82-107.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Harris, M. B. and Griffin, J.(1997). Stereotypes and personal beliefs about women physical education teachers. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal, 31, 49-60. Harry, J. (1995). Sports ideology, attitudes toward women, and anti-homosexual attitudes. Sex Roles, 32, 109-116. Herek, G. M. (1984). Beyond “homophobia”: A social psychological perspective on attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Journal of homosexuality, 10, 1-21. Herek, G. M.(1986). The instrumentality of attitudes:Toward a neofunctional theory. Journal of Social Issues, 42(2), 99-114. Herek, G. M.(1987). Can functions be measured? A new perspective on the functional approach to attitudes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50(4), 285-303. Herek, G. M (1988). Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. Journal of Sex Research, 25, 451-477. Herek, G. M. (1993). Sexual orientation and military service. American Psychologist, 48(5), 538-549. Herek, G. M. (1994). Assessing heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: A review of empirical research with the ATLG scale. In B. Greene and G. Herek (Ed.) Contemporary perspectives in lesbian and gay psychology(p.206-228). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Herek, G. M. and Capitanio, J. P. (1996). “Some of my best friends”: Intergroup contact, concealable stigma, and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 412-424. Herek, G. M. (2000a). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Psychological Science, 9(1), 19-22. Herek, G. M. (2000b). Homosexuality. A. E. Kazdin (Ed.) Encyclopedia of psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association and Oxford University Publications. Herek, G. M., and Glunt, E. K. (1993). Interpersonal contact and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward gay men: Results from a national survey. Journal of Sex Research, 30, 239-244. Hodson, W. W., and Ricketts, W. A. (1980). A strategy for the measurement of homophobia. Journal of Homosexuality, 5(4), 357-372. Jackson, S., and Marsh, H.(1986). Athletic or antisocial? The female sport experience. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 198-211. Kane, M. J., and Disch, L.(1993). Sexual violence and the reproduction of male power in the locker room: The“ Lisa Olsen incident”. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10(4), 331-352. Kidd, B. (1990). The men’s cultural center: Sports and the dynamic of women’s oppression/ men’s repression. In D. Sabo and M. Messner (Ed.), Sport, men and the gender order.(p.31-44.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic Publishers. Kite, M. E. (1992). Individual differences in males’ reactions to gay males and lesbians. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 1222-1239. Kite, M. E. (1994). When perceptions meet reality: Individual differences in reactions to lesbians and gay men. In B. Greene and G. Herek (Ed.). Contemporary perspectives in lesbian and gay psychology. (p.25-53.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Kite, M. E. and Whitley, B. E. (1998). Do heterosexual women and men differ in their attitudes toward homosexuality? A conceptual and methodological analysis. In G. M. Herek (Ed. ), Stigma and Sexual Orientation(p.39-61.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Kitzinger, C. and Coyle, A. (2002). Introducing lesbian and gay psychology. In A. Coyle and C. Kitzinger (Ed.), Lesbian and gay psychology (p.1-29.). London: Blackwell Publications. Kolnes, Liv-Jorunn. (1995). Heterosexuality as an organizing principle in women’s sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30, 61-77. Krane, V. (1996). Lesbians in sport: Toward acknowledgment, understanding, and theory. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 18, 237-252. Lederman, D. (1991). Penn State coach’s comments about lesbian athletes may be used to test university’s new policy on bias. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 37(38), 27-28. Lenskyj, H. (1990). Power and play: Gender and sexuality issues in sport and physical activity. International Review for Sociology of Sport, 25, 235-245. Martin, D. E. and Dodder, R. A. (1993). A reassessment of the psychosocial functions of sport scale. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10, 197-204. McGuire, W. J. (1985). Attitudes and attitude change. In G. Lindzey and E. Aronson(Ed. ) Handbook of Social Psychology(p. 233-346.). New York: Random House Publications. Messner, M, (1988). Sports and male domination: The female athlete as contested ideological terrain. Sociology of Sport Journal, 5, 197-211. Messner, M. A. (1996). Studying up on sex. Sociology of Sport Journal, 13, 221-242. Muscatine, A. (1991). To tell the truth, Navratilova takes the consequences. Women’s Sports Pages, 13(8), 8-9. Peper, K. (1994). Female athlete = lesbian: A myth constructed from gender role expectations and lesbiphobia. In J. Ringer ( Ed.). Queer words queer images. NY: New York University Press. Pronger, B. (1990). The arena of masculinity: Sports, homosexuality, and the meaning of sex. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Rivers, I. (2002). Developmental issues for lesbian and gay youth. In A. Coyle and C. Kitzinger (Ed.), Lesbian and gay psychology (p.30-44). London: Blackwell Publications. Sherrod, D. and Nardi, P. M. (1998). Homophobia in the courtroom: An assessment of biases against gay men and lesbians in a multiethnic sample of potential jurors. In G. M. Herek (Ed.). Stigma and Sexual Orientation.(p.24-38.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Simon, A. (1998). The relationship between stereotypes and attitudes toward lesbians and gays. In G. M. Herek (Ed.). Stigma and Sexual Orientation(p.62-81). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Spence, J. T. and Helmreich, R. (1973). A short version of the attitudes toward women scale. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society,2, 219-220. Tewskbury, M. (2003, March 31). First gay, lesbian sports conference held. Planet Out. Retrieved July 15, 2005,from http://www.gay.com/news/article.html?2003/03/31/3. Thompson, E. H. and Pleck, J. H.(1986). The structure of male role norms. American Behavioral Scientist, 29, 531-543. Vealey, R. S. (1997)Transforming the Silence on Lesbians in Sport. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal, 6(2), 165-184. Weinberg, G. (1972). Society and the healthy homosexual. New York: St. Matyin’s Publications. Weinberger, L. E., and Millham, J. (1979). Attitudinal homophobia and support of traditional sex roles. Journal of Homosexuality, 4(3), 237-245. Whitley, B. E., Jr., (1987). The relationship of sex-role orientation to heterosexuals’ attitudes toward homosexuals. Sex Roles, 17, 103-113. Whitley, B. E., Jr., and Ægisdóttir, S. (2000). The gender belief system, authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Sex Roles, 42, 947-967. Whitley, B. E., Jr., (2001). Gender-role variables and attitudes toward homosexuality. Sex Roles, 45, 691-721. Whitson, D. (1990). Sport in the social construction of masculinity. In D. Sabo and M. Messner (Ed.), Sport, men and the gender order. (p.19-30.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic Publishers. Woods, S. E. (1991). Living in two worlds: The identity management strategies used by lesbian physical educators. Journal of homosexuality, 22, 141-156. Yang, A. (1997). Trends: Attitudes toward homosexuality, Public Opinion Quarterly, 61, 477-507. Young, P. D. (1995). Lesbians and Gays and sports. New York: Chelsea House Publications.
dc.subject同性戀;性別意識;過去接觸經驗;運動選手
dc.subjecthomosexual;sport gender ideology;past contact experience;athletes
dc.title運動性別意識、過去接觸經驗與對同性戀運動選手態度之預測
dc.titleSPORT GENDER IDEOLOGY, PAST CONTACT EXPERIENCES AND ATTITUDES TOWARD HOMOSEXUAL ATHLETES
dc.typethesis
dspace.entity.typePublication

Files

Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name:
600004601.pdf
Size:
195.34 KB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format