Publication:

運動性別意識、過去接觸經驗與對同性戀運動選手態度之預測

本研究的目的是以Herek(1984；1986；1987)所提出的態度的三種功能取向，包括經驗基模功能、自我表達功能及防禦性功能為基礎，檢驗運動性別意識及過去接觸經驗在預測運動領域中成員對同性戀選手之態度時是否有交互作用。以國內大專院校代表隊之350位選手和94位教練進行問卷施測，並以階層迴歸分析進行資料檢驗。研究發現，對男選手和女教練而言，運動性別意識較低或是過去接觸經驗較好，對同性戀選手的態度會較正向，但運動性別意識和過去接觸經驗對態度的預測力不會互相影響。而對女選手和男教練而言，過去接觸經驗較好，對同性戀選手的態度也會較正向，但運動性別意識對態度並無影響，且運動性別意識和過去接觸經驗也無交互作用。研究發現不僅提供了我們在試圖改變態度時的策略思考也提醒了在探討態度的自我表達功能時，應考慮到不同族群其所欲表達或用以肯定自我的價值觀的不同。另外，運動性別意識和過去接觸經驗兩者對態度之預測力互相影響的機制，是否為對同性戀認知層面的改變，有待後續研究進一步探討。

The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of sport gender ideology and past contact experiences on predicting attitudes toward homosexual athletes, based on Herek’s(1984；1986；1987) three-function approach. Three hundred and fifty athletes and ninety-four coaches from college varsity teams were surveyed. Hierarchical regressions showed that, for male athletes and female coaches, a lower level of sport gender ideology and better previous experiences with homosexuals led to a more positive attitude toward homosexual athletes. However, no interaction of sport gender ideology and past contact experiences on attitudes was found. Meanwhile, for female athletes and male coaches, better experiences with homosexuals were found to be associated with a more positive attitude toward homosexual athletes, but no sport gender ideology main effect nor an interaction were found.