Publication:

運動期望與價值量表之編製—以Eccles的期望-價值理論為基礎

Eccles等人（1983）認為成就行為和表現受到成功期望和主觀工作價值的影響。本研究的主要目的是以Eccles的期望-價值理論為基礎，發展「運動期望與價值量表」。本研究分為二個階段，階段一以Eccles and Wigfield(1995)所發展的「數學領域兒童自我和工作知覺量表」為藍本，並根據Eccles等人在文獻中對期望-價值概念的描述加入題項。以國小、國中及高中學生703位為樣本，以項目分析剔除不適當的題目後進行因素分析及信度檢驗，完成量表信、效度的初步驗證。階段二以另一批樣本563位，以驗證性因素分析，驗證量表結構的適配度，並以健身運動行為及性別做為效標變項，檢驗量表對健身運動行為的預測力，以及不同性別個體的運動期望與價值信念的差異。研究結果顯示了5個穩定的因素，包括能力期望、需求努力、失敗的心理代價、重要他人的期望代價、以及工作價值。量表有良好的內部一致性、適配度、對健身運動行為有可接受的預測效力、男生的運動期望與價值信念顯著高於女生，顯示本量表具備良好的信度及效度，除了初步檢視運動領域中的期望與價值結構外，也可做為未來探討運動領域成就行為相關研究的適當測量工具。

Development of the sport expectancy and valuescale-based on Eccles expectancy-value theory

According to Eccles’expectancy–value theory, individual’s expectancy of success and subjective task value are valid predictors of achievement behaviors. The purpose of this study was to develop the sport expectancy and value scale-based on Eccles expectancy-value theory. There were two stages in this study. Stage one: Based on Eccles and his colleague’s expectancy-value concept, a set of question items were added to Eccles and Wigfield’s structure of adolescent’s achievement task value and expectancy-related beliefs. After 703 children and adolescents completed questionnaires, item analysis was used to remove inappropriate items. With factor analysis and reliability test, the reliability and validity of the scale were established. Stage two: Another participats 563 took the questionnaires. The result of this study showed five stable factors, including ability expectancy, need effort, psychological cost of failure, significant others’ expectations cost and task value. The scale had excellent internal consistency, acceptable goodness of fit, and predictable validity of exercise behavior. Male’s expectancy and value belief were significantly higher than those of female’s. All of the above proved the scale had excellent reliability and validity. Besides being used to examine expectancy and value structure in the sport field, the scale can also be an appropriate measurement tool for future achievement behavior study in the sports field.