Publication:

健身俱樂部教練領導行為量表建構研究

中文摘要

本研究主要目的在建立依據健身俱樂部特殊情境加以適度調整之「健身俱樂部教練領導行為量表」，以供健身俱樂部業界做為健身教練領導行為評量指標。

研究者經彙整領導相關文獻及量表內容，歸納出教練領導行為主要特質及組成構面，進而發展出各構面之細部衡量題項。之後聘請十二位具有運動管理、運動心理學與健身俱樂部資深經營者等專家，就量表題項進行修訂與評估，經重覆內容審查完成量表之初稿。

本研究採用「判斷抽樣法」(judgment sampling)挑選七家都會型健身俱樂部為研究對象，並針對研究對象之全體會員做抽樣問卷施測。問卷共寄出700份，回收問卷421份，有效問卷368份。量表初稿經由數種統計分析方法來考驗篩選，共刪除73個題項，最後完成具有33個題項之正式「健身俱樂部教練領導行為量表」。正式「健身俱樂部教練領導行為量表」計分方式採用李克特五點量表尺度。

正式「健身俱樂部教練領導行為量表」各衡量性構面之在效度考驗上，本研究採用「建構效度」為效標，五個因素構面可解釋變異量分別為21.829 %、14.937 %、8.809 %、7.859 %和6.440 %。總體的解釋變異量為59.874 %，經過項目分析和因素分析後所篩選的三十三個題項的健身俱樂部教練領導行為量表，顯示出在俱樂部會員中具有不錯的建構效度。五個衡量性構面的信度考驗之各衡量性構面Cronbach ㄚY數值均高於0.7接受水準，顯示出本量表具有相當高的穩定性與可靠性。

最後進行因素構面之命名，第一個因素命名為訓練與指導行為共12題；第二個因素命名為溝通與互動行為共9題；第三個因素命名為關懷行為共5題；第四個因素命名為個人魅力共4題；第五個因素命名為相關專業能力共3題。

Abstract

The main purpose on the research was to define a category of leadership of fitness club coaches by quantifying scale of leader and leadership of fitness club coaches, and also designed a revised "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of fitness club coaches", according to the specific/very circumstances of a fitness club, as a guideline of leadership of fitness club coaches for fitness industry.

The researchers gathered all relative papers and the content of quantifying scale about leadership, and summarized the main characters and the aspects of component of the leadership of fitness club coaches, in order to clarify the aspects of all necessary behaviors of leadership of fitness club coaches and further more, to develop detailed evaluation of all aspects of leadership.

The research was finalized the first step by requesting 12 professionals, either with physical management and physical psychology background or being fitness managers for years, to revise and evaluate the questions of quantifying scales.

The research was judgment sampling 7 metropolitan-type fitness clubs and the data collected by questionnaires for sampling members of the 7 target clubs. Valid questionnaires were 368 copies out of total 700 questionnaires sent. The research was selecting questions by several statistics analysis methods. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the validity of the hypothesized factors, and finalized the questions of the formal "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of fitness club coaches" to be 33 items by expurgating 73. The formal "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of fitness club coaches" was pointed by Likert 5-point scale.

About every factor of the validity testing on the formal "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of Fitness club coaches". This research was taken structure validity as criterion, the five major factors of remained explaining was 59.874 % of the variance. After item analysis and factor analysis selecting, there were 33 items to form Quantifying Scale of Leadership of fitness club coaches. It could be shown good structure validity in fitness club members. The Cronbach?efficient for the reliability test of 5 evaluating aspects of formal "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of Fitness club coaches" were all higher than the 0.7 accepted level. Therefore, it showed that the scale was relatively highly stable and liable.

Then it went with the names of all factor aspects; the first factor, named as training and instructing behavior, was covered in 12 questions; the second factor, named as communication and interaction behavior, was covered in 9 questions; the third factor, named as social support behavior, was covered in 5 questions, the 4th factor, named as charismatic leadership behavior, was covered in 4 questions; the 5th factor, named as relative expertise, was covered in 3 questions.