Publication:

臺灣11至12歲原住民與非原住民男童動作協調能力與身體活動量之分析

背景與目的:過去文獻顯示臺灣原住民兒童有較佳的運動能力，但是針對身體活動量之相關調查卻相當匱乏。因此，本研究針對臺灣11至12歲原住民男童的動作協調能力與身體活動量之相關性進行探討。方法: 本研究利用Movement Assessment Battery for Children(M-ABC)來篩選和評估兒童之動作協調能力，並且排除具有動作協調能力障礙的兒童之後，將所有男童分為原住民一般組(N=17)、原住民運動組(N=22)、非原住民一般組(N=20)、與非原住民運動組(N=21)四組共80人。經由M-ABC篩選後之男童皆利用RT3加速度器測量活動量，及填寫生活型態問卷，此外利用單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)來比較各組動作協調能力、七日各時段身體活動量、輕度、中度至費力身體活動時間之差異性，並分析身體活動量與動作協調能力、身體活動量和生活型態問卷之相關性。結果:在動作協調能力方面，僅有非原住民運動組在手部操作靈活度顯著優於原住民一般組，其他四組則無顯著差異。七日總身體活動量發現，兩組運動組皆顯著高於兩組一般組，其中平日活動量顯示，兩組運動組皆顯著高於兩組一般組，而原住民一般組顯著高於非原住民一般組；假日僅有原住民運動組顯著高於非原住民一般組。此外，七日與平日從事輕度身體活動量的時間發現，兩組一般組比兩組運動組有顯著較長的時間，而七日與平日從事中度至費力身體活動時間則是兩組運動組顯著高於兩組一般組，且非原住民運動組亦顯著高於原住民一般組；假日從事中度至費力身體活動時間則是原住民運動組顯著高於兩組一般組，非原住民運動組顯著高於非原住民一般組。最後，動作協調能力與身體活動量數值間並無顯著相關，而RT3測驗數值與生活型態問卷分數間呈現顯著相關。結論:在動作協調能力上，原住民並無較好的動作協調能力，此外原住民一般組表現較不理想；整體來說，原住民與非原住民運動組在七日各個時段身體活量、中度至費力活動時間皆顯著高於兩組一般組，而輕度身體活動時間相對少於兩組一般組；而原住民一般組除了在平日身體活動量明顯高於非原住民一般組外，其他在七日、假日身體活動量、輕度、中度至費力身體活動時間並無差異。

Background and Purpose: Previous studies indicated that aboriginal boys revealed better motor coordination ability, but there were limited studies investigating their participation levels in of physical activity(PA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the motor coordination ability and the PA levels of 11- to 12-year-old Taiwanese aboriginal boys with non-aboriginal boys. Methods: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) was used to screen and assess motor coordination ability of participants. They were divided into four groups: aboriginal general group (N=17), aboriginal exercise group (N=22), non-aboriginal general group (N=20), and non-aboriginal exercise group (N=21). Furthermore, the PA levels were measured by RT3 accelerometer device, and the lifestyle questionnaire was completed by all subjects. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the ability of motor coordination, 7-day PA in different time, light PA, moderate to vigorous PA time differences among four groups, of the correlations between PA and motor coordination, and PA and lifestyle questionnaire were also respectively discussed. Results: First, in motor coordination ability, the non-aboriginal group was significantly better than the general aboriginal group only in the manual dexterity, but no significant difference in the other four groups was found. Seven activities found in total physical activity, two exercise groups were significantly higher than the two general groups in 7-day PA, The aboriginal general group was significantly higher than non-aboriginal general group, but only aboriginal exercise group was significantly higher than non-aboriginal general group in holidays. Two general groups were significantly longer than the two exercise groups in the time of light physical activity (LPA). Two exercise groups in the time of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were significantly higher than two general groups. The non-aboriginal exercise group was also significantly higher than the general aboriginal group. The aboriginal exercise group was significantly higher than the two general groups in the time of engaging in MVPA, and non-aborigines exercise group was significantly higher than non-aboriginal general group. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the motor coordination ability scores and PA. The PA values in RT3 accelerometer and the result of lifestyle questionnaire showed a significant correlation. Conclusion: To sum up, the aborigine had no better motor coordination ability, but the aboriginal general group performed poorly. Moreover, the PA in anytime of seven days and MVPA time of aborigines and non-aboriginal exercise groups were significantly higher than the two general groups, but exercise groups in LPA relatively less than two general groups. The physical activity of the aboriginal general group in their daily life was obviously higher than the non-aboriginal general group.