Publication:

挑戰個人阻礙:溺水恐懼的克服歷程探究

過去有關休閒阻礙的研究很少針對個人自主性的方面加以進行探究。本研究試圖以六個實際經歷溺水恐懼的例子，以文本發聲，並經由對過程現象的探討，企圖實證休閒參與者對休閒阻礙的溝通與征服的可能性。本研究主要以質性研究方式，對六個研究參與者進行60-80分鐘的深入訪談，蒐集並整理所得訪談資料後，採用敘事分析（narrative analysis）建構研究的文本（text），並依循紮根法（grounded theory）的歸納與理論抽樣過程，對文本進行分析與理論建立。主要的分析結果產生三個階段性的理論：(1)經歷溺水恐懼的克服過程對自我認知的提高有正面的影響，並有助於參與者對自身水域活動能力的體認；(2)自我效能對克服溺水恐懼扮演著重要的關鍵角色；(3)伴隨著自我效能的提升與對水恐懼感的克服，曾經有過溺水經歷的活動參與者有可能在持續的水域活動參與中產生流暢體驗。

Few studies in past leisure literatures have emphasized on individual’s autonomy from the perspective of leisure constraints. Based on this deficiency, the major purpose of this study was trying to examine the possibility of overcoming personal leisure constraints by utilizing the theory and six cases who experienced drowning, for the purpose of demonstrating the process of personal agency in making leisure choices. A qualitative research has been employed in this study, and six 60-80 minutes in-depth interviewees were used for qualitative data collection. Through the procedure of narrative analysis and grounded theory, including the data transcribing and deductive analysis, the following theories were acquired: (1) The drowning experience had positive contribution to a participant’s (in aquatic sports) self-recognition regarding his/her capability in doing aquatic sports; (2) Self-efficacy played a significant role in the process of overcoming personal constraints; (3) The occurrence of flow experience was somehow possible for those participants who had drowning experience before. Helpfully, those insightful findings provided a profound ground to enrich the traditional recognition toward the theory of leisure constraints.