Publication:

運動心理技能訓練對跆拳道選手心理能力與運動表現之影響

Orlick 與Partington（1988）發現心理因素會影響運動表現，而許多個人或運動團隊項目則因心理介入，而得到幫助進而使個人潛力得到最大的發揮並創造佳績。Williams(1993)指出運動心理技能訓練對於運動員的最佳心理狀態擁有引導作用，它是運動心理諮商員、教練、運動員常提及與應用於競賽中的心理方法。

本研究目的為運用運動心理技能訓練，探討對跆拳道選手競賽心理能力與運動表現之影響。以兩名臺灣體院跆拳道選手為研究對象，進行18個月的運動心理技能訓練，訓練課程包含呼吸控制、自我覺察、理性情緒治療、負面思想停止法、以及自我談話等技術。透過觀察實地札記、與選手諮商討論逐字稿、競賽時觀察實地札記、賽後心智狀態訪談逐字稿、周遭他人（教練、隊友）看法逐字稿等三角檢證方式，了解選手於接受心理技能訓練後，競賽心理能力與運動表現之影響。結果發現兩位研究對象在競賽過程後自覺自信心、專注力皆有所提升，而在競賽時的焦慮則呈現降低的情形。在運動表現上，選手自覺及教練隊友主觀評價選手運動表現有向上提升。

Mental factors is an extremely important factor influencing an athlete's performance. Many athlete and sport team have mental intervention, it can more fully realize their potential and achieve peak performance(Orlick & Partington, 1988).Many sport counslors, coachs and athletes use Psychological Skills Training to help athlete set the stage for flow through strong physical and mental

preparation.(Williams,1993)

Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of psychological skill training on taekwondo athletes’ psychological abilities and performance. Two participants were recruited from a college taekwondo team, and were undergone the psychological skill training for 18 months. Data collection comprised semi-structured interviews, journals, descriptive fieldnotes， interview transcript， and the Athletic Psychological Skills Questionnaire. The results were found as following: (1) Two participants self-evaluated themselves and noticed improvement in confidence and concentration after the competition; besides, their anxiety had decreased during the competition. (2) In addition, they considered their sport performance had enhanced, and their coach and teammates also reckoned this improvement by their

observation.