Publication:

臺灣兒童運動行為與肥胖刻板印象之研究

近年來兒童肥胖盛行率有增加的趨勢。兒童肥胖不僅是成人肥胖的重要指標，更影響生理與心理健康。西方研究顯示國小兒童對肥胖有高度的歧視，在過去40年來，肥胖的負面刻板印象逐漸上升。而增加身體活動量是控制肥胖的重要方法之一，因此，本研究擬探討國小學童之運動行為與肥胖刻板印象是否相關。研究目的：一、臺灣兒童肥胖刻板印象為何？ 二、運動行為與肥胖刻板印象是否相關？研究方法：受試者來自三所國民小學無身體功能障礙之普通班男女生兒童，共計516名(男生：253 ，女生：263 )。肥胖刻板印性之測量系從六個肥胖、不同身體肢障及無肢障體型圖形，依喜好程度排出最喜歡到最不喜歡的體型。透過線性迴歸分析檢驗運動行為與肥胖體型刻板印象之關係，並控制年齡、性別、父母親教育程度、身體質量指數、與自尊等變項。研究結果：「無肥胖/肢障」最受歡迎，其次為「杵拐杖」、「坐輪椅」、「臉有疤痕」及「過重/肥胖」，最不受歡迎為「失去左手掌」之體型。而運動行為係肥胖刻板印象之顯著預測因子。結論：與過去文獻相比較，臺灣兒童對於肥胖體型汙名化程度似乎沒有西方社會那麼普遍；相較於肥胖體型，臺灣兒童可能更重視身體的功能性缺失（失去左手掌）。兒童運動行為越多者，越沒有負面肥胖刻板印象。

The child obesity rate tends to increase recently. It is not only the indicator of adult obesity, but also an indicator of physical and psychological health. It is reported that elementary school students discriminate obese children very much. During the past 40 years, the stereotype about obesity has been enhanced. Exercise is one of the most important methods of weight control. As a result, this thesis focused on the relationship between exercise and obesity stereotype among children. Purposes: What is the stereotype about the obesity among Taiwanese children? Is exercise related to the stereotype about obesity? Methods: We depicted one overweight, one non-overweight and four disabled children of each sex. Child recruited from public schools (N=516, 253 male 263 female) ranked six figures in order of liking. The relationship between children’s physical activity and their obesity stereotype was investigated through linear regression. Results: The ‘non-overweight’ figure received the highest mean rank, and the followings were ‘child holding crutches’, ‘child in a wheelchair’, ‘facially disfigured’, and the ‘obese’. The shape children dislike most was the drawing with ‘no left hand’. Exercise was a significant predictor of obesity stereotype. Conclusion: Compared to previous reports, Taiwanese children have less obesity stigma than the children in the western society. Taiwanese children tend to care about functional deficiency (‘no left hand’). Furthermore, the children who exercise more have less negative stereotype about obesity.