Publication:

嘉義縣國小教師工作壓力對身心健康影響之研究--兼論休閒參與的調節效果

本研究旨在探討嘉義縣國小教師工作壓力和身心健康之現況及影響--兼論休閒參與的調節效果，並比較不同人口背景變項之嘉義縣國小教師於工作壓力、休閒參與及身心健康之差異性。本研究以嘉義縣國小教師為研究對象，採用分層隨機抽樣方式進行問卷調查，總計發放450份問卷，回收有效問卷409份，有效回收率達90.9％。依據實際調查回收資料，進行描述性統計、重複量數單因子變異數分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、雪費（Scheffe’s）事後比較、徑路分析及典型相關等統計方法進行資料分析。

研究結果發現：嘉義縣國小教師在整體工作壓力的感受屬中等偏高程度，以「工作負荷」感受較高；在休閒活動的參與屬中等程度，以從事「個人閒逸型」活動較多；在整體身心健康屬中上程度，以「焦慮反應」的健康情形較不理想。結論：不同人口背景變項在工作壓力、休閒參與及身心健康上有顯著差異；工作壓力對身心健康具有負向影響；工作壓力及身心健康之間有典型相關存在；中度工作壓力之下，休閒參與對身心健康具有調節作用。本研究並依研究結果提供教育相關單位參考建議，協助教師因應並減緩其工作壓力。

The purpose of this research aimed to investigate current status and impact of job stress on health condition of elementary school teachers in Chiayi County, and discussed the moderate effect of leisure participation, and also analyze the differences in the variability of different demographic variable on job stress, leisure participation and health condition. The data was collected by questionnaires survey with which the stratified random sampling was managed to select from elementary school teachers in Chiayi County. 450 questionnaires were distributed and 409 were valid responded corresponding with a 90.9% of return rate. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA repeated measures, one-way MANOVA, Scheffe’s methods, path analyze and canonical correlation were utilized for analyzing the data.

The results showed that the job stress of elementary school teachers in Chiayi County as sensed was considered to be middle-high level, particularly in “work load”. The leisure participation was considered to be middle level, particularly in “personal leisurely type”. The health condition was considered to be in middle-high level, especially in“anxiety reaction”. Conclution： job stress, leisure participation and health condition were significantly different among variable demographic； job stress had a negative effect on health condition; there existed canonical correlation among job stress and health condition; while under moderate job stress , leisure participation had moderate effect on health condition. As the concluding remarks, we suggest several future research issues and implications for educational units that can help teachers cope with and reduce job stress.