Publication:

大專教練轉型領導行為對運動員成就目標與組織承諾相關之研究

中文摘要

本研究旨在探討大專教練轉型領導行為對運動員成就目標與組織承諾之現況、相關及差異情形。以臺灣地區大專院校運動代表隊之運動員為對象，採「大專教練轉型領導行為對運動員成就目標與組織承諾調查問卷」為工具進行研究。預試問卷有效樣本151位大專院校運動員，以項目分析、因素分析、信度分析、積差相關分析等方法，檢驗預試問卷的效度與信度；正式施測有效樣本670位運動員，其中男性422人，女性248人，分別以描述性統計、積差相關、t考驗、單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行資料分析。

本研究重要發現如次：

一、「大專教練運用轉型領導」內涵包括型塑遠景、魅力影響、激勵鼓舞、智識啟發、個別關懷、協助生涯成長；「運動員成就目標」其內涵為精熟學習目標、趨向表現目標、避免表現目標；在「運動員組織承諾」內涵包括組織認同、努力意願、留隊傾向等，每題平均得分皆屬中上程度。

二、大專教練轉型領導行為對運動員成就目標與組織承諾經分析呈顯著正相關；低中高三組大專教練轉型領導行為對運動員成就目標與運動員組織承諾及其各向度上均達顯著差異，即高轉型領導教練，其運動員成就目標、運動員組織承諾較高。

三、大專運動員背景變項中，「最高學歷」、「學校類別」在教練運用轉型領導上，達顯著差異，但性別、專項訓練年資上未達顯著差異；其次，「性別」在運動員成就目標上，達顯著差異，但最高學歷、專項訓練年資、學校類別上則無顯著差異；再則，「專項訓練年資」、「學校類別」在運動員組織承諾上，達顯著差異，惟性別、最高學歷、上則未達顯著差異。

四、轉型領導行為是大專教練專業發展的重要指標。

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate transformational leadership behavior of collegiate coaches and its relation to athletes’ achievement goals and organizational commitment.

The survey instrument, entitled “stionnaire of transformational leadership behavior of collegiate coaches“, was developed by the igator

and mailed to 760 collegiate athletes. There were 670 valid returns. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, Person’s product-moment correlation, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and heffe's post hoc comparisons test through the use of SPSS 8.01 for windows. Based on the results of the study,the following conclusions were derived:

1. Based on the factors identified in the study, “Transformation Leadership Behavior” of collegiate coaches includes vision and mission, effect of charisma, motivation and encouragement, intelligence inspiration, individual care and assistance. “Achievement goals of athletes” includes refined learning goal, performance-approach goal and performance -avoidance goal. “

Organization commitment of athletes” includes organizational recognition, aspiration of effort, and tendency of staying in the team.

2. The results showed that the transformational leadership behavior had the greatest relationship on the athletes’achievement goals and ganization

commitment. There was a significant difference among three groups on transformational leadership behavior, athletes’achievement goals and

organization commitment. The higher transformation leadership coach, the higher athlete’s achievement goal and organization commitment.

3. The findings indicated that education and school categories had a significant difference on transformational leadership behavior, and the gender and training ages were showed no difference. Gender had a significant difference on athletes’ achievement goals, and the education and training ages were showed no difference. The finding also indicated that training ages and school categories had a significant difference on athlete’s organization

commitment, and the gender and education were showed no difference.

4. Finally, the recommendation indicated that leadership behavior is an important aspect of professional development for collegiate coaches.