Publication:

邵族歌舞文化之研究

邵族為台灣原住民族中人口最少，經濟地位也顯弱勢的一族。其珍貴的獨特文化急需受到重視與保護。本研究目的為追溯邵族文化起源與歷史發展，邵族社會獨特的文化特點，邵族年祭歌舞與觀光歌舞之興起，邵族歌舞之保存與未來發展。本研究以文獻探討、田野實地調查收集資料、加上對專家學者與邵族人之深度訪談，多元收集資料並將之交叉驗證分析，最後整理歸納與詮釋出結果。

研究結論如下：

一、邵族起源之逐鹿傳說儘管神話性質強烈，但該族定居日月潭並在落地生根， 開枝散葉流傳至今，有足夠資料證實。邵族之地位曾經模糊不清，在經過族人多年努力奔走後終於民國九十年正名為邵族，肯定該族之定位。

二、邵族之社會特色為尊崇祖靈與各種歲時祭儀的實施，其中尤以豐年祭為邵族最重視的祭典。豐年祭依每年族中的情況決定要舉行大過年或是小過年。小過年儀式簡化，慶祝也為期數天，大過年則祭儀豐富，慶祝活動更是維持約一個月左右。

三、邵族豐年祭舞蹈因應其各種祭祀活動而產生，另一特色是舞不離歌，即舞蹈與歌謠總是同時出現互相配合的。在豐年祭過程中最具舞蹈特色的部分有杵音儀式、牽田儀式與迎祖靈出巡儀式。另外現代的邵族由於經濟因素的影響，觀光歌舞因應而生。如舂石音的儀式便被取材放至觀光舞蹈中。

四、邵族豐年祭舞蹈依發生順序可整理歸納出五個部分：（一）慢步走（二）走踱步（三）shuria歌謠舞步（四）ma-li-lo歌謠舞步（五）tirhuqu歌謠舞步。

五、邵族現今面臨生存危機，在土地與經濟方面都出現極大困難，以保護台灣原住民各族生存之權利與維護多元珍貴文化的基礎點上，期盼政府與地方皆能輔助邵族建立生存方向。邵族傳統歌舞之保存與觀光歌舞之發展亦需要邵族人自我覺醒的努力與政府實質的幫助。

六、另一保存與提升邵族歌舞的方式可透過教育來實現。本研究結果整理歸納出邵族重要的祭儀舞步，可供舞蹈教育界作為教學教材。透過教學的過程，可讓學生認識邵族歌舞並體會其特殊的文化意涵。

Thao Tribe not only has the smallest population but also holds a relatively vulnerable economic position among all the domestic tribes. Its unique and priceless culture needs to be highly valued and protected. The purpose of this research is aimed at tracing back to the origin of Thao Tribe, its historical development, its phenomenal social characteristic of culture, the blossoms of annual ritual dancing as well as dancing for tourism, and the preservation of dances of Thao Tribe and its future development. This research, by literature review, field investigation and collection of data, added with in-depth interview with a handful of specialists or scholars and Thao Tribe people, collects in the form of diversity data and put them under cross-examination and eventually integrates, assemble, and interpret its ultimate result.

Research results are listed as below:

1.Imbued with strong legendary features of chasing deer for its origin, Thao tribe people are now inhabiting in Sun-Moon Lake and deeply rooted in that place, and have started to extend further to other places – which has enough data as evidence. The position of Thao Tribe used to be fairly ambiguous, and its position was eventually confirmed in 2001 as Thao Tribe through the efforts of Thao Tribe people.

2.  The society of Thao Tribe is marked by its tribute to ancestors and the implementation of seasonal sacrifice ritual – among which is the ritual for ancestors that is most valued among Thao Tribe. The ritual of ancestors is determined in accordance with the condition of the tribe as to whether to hold a small-scale or big-scale new year. The former holds simple ritual while the latter enjoys profuse ritual with its celebration that lasts for nearly one month.
   

3.  The dance of ritual for the ancestors was created to respond to a great variety of ritual activities. Its another specialty is that dance is never detached from the song itself. That means, dance and songs appear simultaneously and coordinate perfectly well with each other. In the course of harvest sacrifice ritual, what possesses the greatest extent of feature of dance are the rituals of wooden sound, hauling cow, and receiving the spirits of ancestors. In addition to that, thanks in part to economic factor, the modern Thao Tribe generated what is called tourism dancing. For instance, the ritual of sound of rock was singled out and placed into the dancing of tourism of dancing.
   

4.  The dancing for the spirits of ancestor of Thao Tribe, based on its sequence, can be grouped into five major parts: (1) slow moving, (2) slow walking, (3) dance step of folk song of Shuria, (4) dance step of folk song of ma-li-du, and (5) dance step of folk song of tirhuqu.
   

5.  Thao Tribe is now faced with the crisis of survival, facing two major difficulties in both land and economy. From the fundamental perspective of protecting the right of survival for all the aboriginal tribes as well as maintaining their diverse, invaluable cultures, we deeply anticipate that both government and local societies and help Thao Tribe people to establish their direction of survival. In the meantime, the preservation of Thao Tribe’s traditional dancing and the development of tourism dance must be noted with their efforts of self-consciousness along with the substantial assistance derived the government.
   

6. Another effective way to preserve and promote the dance of Thao Tribe can be practiced in dance education. The results of this study reveal the dance movements and songs of Thao Tribe and the outcome of the study can be utilized as teaching material and teachers can teach and encourage students to learn and experience Thao’s dance and music. Through the teaching activities on campus, Thao’s dance can be understood more and its cultural meaning will enrich students’ knowledge of Thao as well.