Publication:

臺中市銀髮族退休教師參與休閒運動之研究

中文摘要

本研究目的在分析銀髮族退休教師參與休閒運動需求之現況，並彙整其意見與觀念，提出未來發展的方向與建議。採用文獻分析法與問卷調查法，問卷內容涵賒茪H基本資料、參與休閒運動、休閒運動需求及意見與觀念四大部份。以近十年來臺中市公立國民中小學退休教師約1690人為研究對象，採分層隨機抽樣，將樣本分為五個年齡層，各選取30%做為施測對象。利用SPSS8.0 for Windows統計套裝軟體，以次數分配、百分比等描述統計說明各變項之分布情形，並針對研究假設做卡方分析考驗。本研究結果與發現如下：

（一）銀髮族退休教師參與休閒運動現況

1.參與休閒運動的人口超過九成，有規律性運動的人口接近六成。

2.從事休閒運動的時間每次30分鐘以上者超過九成，從事的時段大多以晨間為主，從事的地點以學校或公立運動場最多。

3.獲得休閒運動的活動資訊以親友告知最多，曾經參加的舉辦單位以民間社團最多。

4.在每週從事的次數方面，與性別、健康情況、專長等變項達顯著差異。在每次從事的時間方面，與居住情形、專長、健康情況等變項達顯著差異。

（二）銀髮族退休教師休閒運動需求

1.參與的動機以促進身體健康佔最多，從事的意願以地點離家近佔最多。

2.普遍認為專業運動指導員應發揮的弁鄍H指導避免運動傷害佔最多。

3.希望參與休閒運動的項目，排名前十名者依序是游泳、散步、桌球、郊遊、爬山、社交舞、土風舞、元極舞、森林浴、溫泉浴。依類別排序則以戶外活動佔最多。

4.認為最有效的資訊管道以親友告知佔最多，最急需興建的運動場地是社區運動公園。

5.促進健康與居住情形達顯著差異。增加體能與年齡達顯著差異。游泳與年齡達顯著差異。散步與性別、健康情況、退休時間、年齡、經濟狀況、教育程度等變項達顯著差異。

（三）銀髮族退休教師對參與休閒運動之意見與觀念

1.認為最能達到效果的舉辦單位以民間社團佔最多，運動付費的看法視收費高低而定。

2.臺中市最能提供市民從事休閒運動的場所以學校運動場佔最多。

3.指導意願的選擇以義務指導最多，想參加的培訓種類以戶外活動佔最多。

4.擔任志工之意願，願意者達33%，培訓方式傾向不需要收費。

5.運動付費與性別、年齡、專長等變項達顯著差異。指導意願與居住情形、健康情況、專長等變項達顯著差異。培訓方式與年齡、教育程度、專長、居住情形等變項達顯著差異。參與志工意願與健康情況、年齡、教育程度、專長等變項達顯著差異。

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of the elderly retired teachers needs' for participation in recreational activities, and to reorganize their opinions and viewpoints in order to provide some suggestions and directions for future development. Questionnaire and document analyses were used in this study. The questionnaire includes four parts－personal data, participation in recreational activities, needs for recreational activities, and opinions and viewpoints. The study objects include 1690 teachers retired from public junior high and elementary schools in Taichung City in this decade. Study samples are divided into five age groups; 30% from each age group were chosen at random. Using statistical software package SPSS8.0 to illustrate the distribution of each variant with frequency distribution and percentage.　In addition, this study is also aimed at hypothesis of the study to do chi-square test. The results and discoveries of this study are as follows:

I.Current state of the elderly retired teachers participation in recreational activities

1.Over 90% of the populations participate in recreational activities, and about 60% of the populations engage in sports regularly.

2.Over 90% of the populations engage in recreational activities over 30 minutes every time they exercise, and they exercise mostly at public schools or stadiums in the early morning.

3.People get information mostly from their relatives and friends, and most activities where they have ever taken are mostly held by private associations.

4.The frequency of participation weekly shows distinctive differences in variants such as sex, health, and specialty; time of the day for participation shows distinctive differences in variants such as living condition, pecialty,and health.

II.Needs of the elderly retired teachers participation in recreational activities

1.To improve health is the most motives for participation in recreational activities, and places within walking distance are most favorable.

2.Most think the main function that a professional sports supervisor possesses is to teach people how to avoid sport injury.

3.The top ten most popular programs are (in order): swimming, walking, table tennis, picnic, mountain climbing, social dance, folk dance, Yuanchi dance, forest bath, and hot-spring bath; outdoor activities outnumbered the other kinds of activity.

4.Most think that the best channel of getting information is from relatives and friends, and now the most urgent event is to build a community sport park.

5.Health improving and living condition show distinctive differences; stamina improving and age show distinctive differences; swimming and age show distinctive differences; walking shows distinctive differences in variants such as sex, health, time of retirement, age, financial situation, and education.

Ⅲ.Opinions and viewpoints of the elderly retired teachers

1.Most think that private associations provide the most effective activities. People' opinions differ in paying for exercise, but those depend on how the fee is.

2.In Taichung City, schools provide the most places for citizens to take exercise.

3.Volition to supervise exercise tends to be free of charge; outdoor activities are most preferred by those who wanted to participate.

4.People who volunteer are up to 33%, and the training tends to be free of charge.

5.Paying for sports shows distinctive differences in variants such as sex, age, and specialty; volition to supervise shows distinctive differences in variants such as living condition, health, and specialty; ways of training show distinctive differences in variants such as age, education, specialty, and living condition; volition to volunteer shows distinctive differences in variants such as health, age, education, and specialty.