Publication:

Safe Out健身操對臺中市和平國小學童健康體適能之影響

本研究主要目的在探討不同循環次數之Safe Out健身操對國小學童健康體適能之影響。以臺中市和平國小六年級學童為研究對象，採叢集取樣方式選取四個班級，以班級為單位，分為：一.控制組男生16人、女生16人（不從事健身操活動）；二.實驗Ａ組男生16人、女生16人（一個循環/次）；三.實驗Ｂ組男生18人、女生17人（二個循環/次）；四.實驗Ｃ組男生17人、女生17人（三個循環/次），合計男學童67人、女學童66人，共133人。為期十二週、每週三次，運動強度為每分鐘心跳數130次以上。實驗前及實驗後實施健康體適能檢測，測驗項目依照教育部所頒佈測驗方式：1.身體組成--體重/身高2（kg/㎡）；2.瞬發力--立定跳遠；3.柔軟度--坐姿體前彎；4.肌力及肌耐力--一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐；5.心肺耐力--八百公尺跑走等共五項。以重覆量數二因子變異數分析各組別及前、後測的交互作用；以相依樣本t考驗比較各組前後測的差異；以單因子變異數分析各組別的差異情形，若達顯著水準（α＝.05），再以薛費法（Scheffe method）進行事後比較。結果顯示：

一. 身體質量組成方面：男學童各組與前後測有交互作用，經單純主要效果分析，實驗Ｂ組及Ｃ組之前、後測達顯著差異，各組別間則無顯著差異；女學童各組與前後測沒有交互作用，經主要效果分析，各組之前、後測均達顯著差異。

二. 立定跳遠方面：男、女學童各組與前後測均沒有交互作用，經主要效果分析，男、女學童實驗Ｃ組之前、後測均有顯著進步。

三. 坐姿體前彎方面：男、女學童各組與前後測均沒有交互作用，經主要效果分析，男學童實驗Ｂ組之前、後測有顯著進歩，而控制組則是顯著退步；女學童各組之前、後測均無顯著差異。

四. 一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐方面：男、女學童各組與前後測均沒有交互作用，經主要效果分析，男、女學童各組之前、後測均無顯著差異。

五. 八百公尺跑走方面：男學童各組與前後測沒有交互作用，經主要效果分析，實驗Ｃ組之前、後測有顯著進步；女學童各組與前後測有交互作用，經單純主要效果分析，實驗Ｂ組及Ｃ組之前、後測有顯著進步，各組別間則無顯著差異。

以上結果顯示：Safe Out健身操活動之實施對國小學童之健康體適能（除以肌力及肌耐力外）有顯著幫助，而每次應進行二個循環以上，其中以每次進行三個循環之成效最佳。

The major purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the Safe Out Calisthenics with different circulation times on primary school kids’ health-related physical fitness. Four classes of students, 67 boys and 66 girls in the sixth grade of Heping elementary school, in Taichung City , are selected as the subject. These total 133 students are classified into four groups at random according to their classes. Four groups function as follows:

1. Control group is consisted of 16 boys and 16 girls processing no training.

2. Experiment group A is consisted of 16 boys and 16 girls processing a circulation / once .

3. Experiment group B is consisted of 18 boys and 17 girls processing two circulation / once .

4. Experiment group C is consisted of 17 boys and 17 girls processing three circulation / once .

The test lasted twelve weeks, three times per week in order to complete the whole program. The intensity of exercise is 130 heartbeats per min. All students are given pre-test and post-test according to the test methods standardized by the Ministry of Education, Republic of China. The five test items were specified as follows:

1. Body-Mass Index(BMI): Weight is divided by height × height (kg/㎡).

2. Explosive force : Standing boarding jump.

3. Flexibility: Sit and reach.

4. Muscular strength and Muscular endurance: One-min sit-up.

5. Circulatory-respiratory endurance: 800-meter run.

The mixed design of two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the interactive differences between groups and pre-test and post-test. Difference examined before test and after test for every group. The variations among four groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. In addition, Scheffe method comparison is used to analyze the consequent discrepancy and details if the result shows an significant differentiation(α＝.05).

The result of the tests is as follows:

1. On the aspect of BMI : The boys have an interactive effects in each group Between pre-test and post-test. By analyzing pure major effect. Experiment group B and C make significant variations in pre-test and post-test. There are no significant variations among groups. The girls have no interactive effects in each group between pre-test and post-test. By analyzing major effect. All groups have significant variations in pre-test and post-test.

2.On the aspect of standing boarding jump: The boys and girls have no interactive effects in each group between pre-test and post-test. By analyzing major effect, the experiment group C of boys and girls make significant progress in pre-test and post-test.

3. On the aspect of sit and reach: All boys and girls have no interactive effects in each group between pre-test and post-test. By analyzing major effect. The boys’ experiment group C makes significant progress in pre-test and post-test. But,Control group makes significant regression. All groups of girls have no significant variations in pre-test and post-test.

4. On the aspect of one-minute sit-up: All boys and girls have no interactive effects in each group between pre-test and post-test. By analyzing major effect, all groups of boys and girls have no significant variations in pre-test and post-test.

5. In the aspect of 800-m run: The boys have no interactive effects in each group between pre-test and post-test. By analyzing major effect, the experiment group C makes significant progress in pre-test and post-test. The girls have interactive effects in each group between pre-test and post-test. By analyzing pure major effect, experiment group B and C make significant progress in pre-test and post-test. NO significant variations among groups.

The above result Shows: Safe Out calisthenics indeed helping elementary school kids make significant progress on their health-related physical fitness (excluding Muscular strength and Muscular endurance), and should carry on more than of two circulation each time, it is best by carrying on three circulations each time.