Publication:

家長式領導與青少年保齡球選手自覺競賽壓力相關之研究

本研究指在探討國內休閒相關本研究目的是在探討家長式領導與青少年保齡球選手自覺競賽壓力之相關性。以分析家長式領導與不同性別、學歷、球齡及專、兼任教練教學之青少年保齡球選手於賽前自覺競賽壓力之差異情形。

受試對象為21歲以下之青少年保齡球選手，研究工具採用「修訂版賽前狀態性焦慮量表」、「家長式領導量表」以及「壓力自覺症狀量表」，並運用描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析（one-way ANOVA）、雪費事後檢定法（Scheffe）、迴歸分析與相關分析進行受試資料分析比較。

研究結果發現：

1、我國青少年保齡球人口現況，呈現倒三角形結構。

2、青少年選手於賽前較會感受到認知性焦慮，但競賽前男性選手仍較女性選

手擁有自信。

3、學歷較高之青少年選手較能感受到壓力，且女性選手發生生理性壓力之情

形比男性選手高。

4、保齡球教練以德性領導方式為主，但球齡越長且學歷較高之青少年選手較

能感受到威權之領導方式。

5、教練之威權領導模式與選手發生身體性焦慮之機會具有關連性。

6、教練領導模式與選手自覺壓力症狀不具關聯性。

7、選手自覺壓力症狀與產生賽前狀態性焦慮具有正向關連性。

根據研究結果顯示，選手若欲增加自信心以降低賽前競賽之壓力，建議教練於專項運動訓練中長期納入心理技能課程、協助選手增加比賽經驗，以減緩競賽壓力之發生。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the paternalistic perceived leadership and self-assessment sport competitive stress of youth bowlers with different gender, education, years of playing bowling and taught by full-time or part-time coach.

The subjects of this study were youth bowlers under 21 years old. Study instruments were including " pre-competitive state anxiety scale ", "paternalistic leadership scale" and "symptoms of stress self-assessment". And data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe Method, Regression Analysis and Correlation Analysis.

The major findings of this study were as follows:

1、It is likely to be “upside-down triangle” structure in teenager bowling

population.

2、Teenage athletes tend to feel cognitive anxiety compared with elders, moreover,

male athletes have more confidence than female toward the competition.

3、Highly educated teenage athletes tend to be stressful than the others, and female

are more likely to exposure to physical stress than male.

4、The major leadership mode of Bowling coach is moral leadership, but more

years of playing bowling and higher educated teenage athletes can feel the

authoritarianism leadership than others.

5、Authoritarianism leadership mode that correlates with the probability of

occurrence of somatic anxiety.

6、There are no correlations between the paternalistic leadership mode and the

symptoms of stress self-assessment of the athletes.

7、There are positive relationships of symptoms of stress self-assessment and

occurrence of competitive state anxiety.

The results showed that if coaches want to increase the self-confidence of athletes and reduce the probability of the occurrence of competition stress, the suggestion is the coaches should bring in long-term psychological skills course in specialized sports training, and help athletes increase competition experience.