Publication:

應用簡單線性迴歸檢驗專項體能及大學鉛球選手成績之相關

本研究之目的在於以簡單線性迴歸與身體組成、速度、動力及肌力測驗探討大學田賽鉛球選手專項體能與鉛球全程投擲成績之相關。大學鉛球選手計16位。選手年齡平均為21.12±2.41歲、身高平均為177.93±7.57公分、體重平均為103.75±19.18公斤、除脂體重84.67±15.79公斤、全程投擲成績為14.58±1.19公尺。受試者測試項目為30公尺速度跑、立定跳遠、鉛球後拋、鉛球站立投擲、臥推及蹲舉。

描述性統計以平均數±標準差表示檢測數據。利用線性迴歸公式分析專項體能與鉛球全程投擲成績之線性關係並以皮爾遜相關積差檢驗本研究各項測驗間相關性。本研究顯著水準為α≦.05。

結果顯示30公尺速度跑為4.8±0.491秒、立定跳遠2.44±0.349公尺、鉛球後拋15.5±1.46公尺、鉛球站立投擲12.74±1.21公尺、臥推122.81±32.35公斤、深蹲167.81±44.01公斤，經線性迴歸分析發現鉛球選手全程投擲在與身體組成測驗中，年齡、身高以及除脂體重之線性迴歸達顯著水準（p<.05）。全程投擲成績與30公尺速度跑之線性迴歸達顯著水準（y=8.25-0.23x，p<.05）。動力測驗中，全程投擲成績

鉛球後拋以及鉛球站立投擲之線性迴歸分別達顯著水準（y=2.44+0.89x，p<.05; y=2.81+0.19x，p<.05）。肌力測驗中，全程投擲成績與臥推之線性迴歸達顯著水準（y=-105+15.64x，p<.05）。相關係數分析發現鉛球選手全程投擲與30公尺速度跑，呈現顯著負相關（r=-.57，p<.05）。全程投擲與鉛球後拋（r=.73，p<.05）、全程投擲與站立投擲(r=.70，p<.05）、臥推（r=.57，p<.05）、年齡（r=.52，p<.05）、身高（r=.73，p<.05）、除脂體重（r=.54，p<.05）皆呈現顯著正相關。此外，體脂肪與立定跳遠、 鉛球後拋、鉛球站投、臥推、深蹲皆呈負相關(r=-.168~-.637)而與30公尺速度跑秒數呈正相關(r=.380)。

鉛球選手在鉛球全程投擲與年齡、身高、除脂體重、30公尺速度跑、鉛球後拋、鉛球站立投擲以及臥推之間有顯著的相關性，代表著有良好的身體組成、速度、動力以及肌力才會有良好的運動表現。過高體脂肪可能對鉛球選手的許多專項體能具負面作用而影響全程投擲成績。

The purpose was using simple linear regression to examine the linearity between sport-specific physical fitness and shot put performance in varsity athletes. Subjects were sixteen (n=16) varsity shot put athletes (age=21.12±2.41yrs; height= 177.93±7.57cm; weight=103.75±19.18 kg; lean body mass=84.67±15.79kg; and shot put performance=14.58±1.19m). Subjects were requested to perform body compositions, 30m run, standing long jump, shot overhead throw, shot standing throw, bench and squat tests.

Descriptive statistics was used to express the measurements as mean ± standard deviation. Simple linear regressions were performed to test the linear relationship between shot put and sport-specific physical fitness. Pearson-moment product correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationship of shot put performance, body composition, speed, strength, and power. Significant level was α=.05 in this study.

Results showed that 30 m run, standing long jump, overhead throw, standing throw, bench press, and squat were 4.8±0.491s, 2.44±0.349 m, 15.5±1.46 m, 12.74±1.21 m, 122.81±32.35 kg, and 167.81±44.01 kg, respectively. Using simple regression, shot put performance were significantly (p<.05) linear to age, height, and lean body mass.

Linearity were found significant between shot put performance and 30m run（y=8.25-0.23x，p<.05）in the speed test, shot overhead throw （y=2.44+0.89x，p<.05）and shot standing throw (y=2.81+0.19x，p<.05) in power tests, and bench press (y=-105+15.64x，p<.05）. Pearson-moment product correlation coefficients revealed a significant negative relationship between 30m run and shot put performance （r=-.57，p<.05）. Positive relationships were found between shot put performance and shot overhead throw （r=.73，p<.05）, shot standing throw (r=.70，p<.05）, bench press (r=.57，p<.05）, age (r=.52，p<.05）, height (r=.73，p<.05）, and lean body mass (r=.54，p<.05）. Body fat was found negatively correlated with standing long jump, shot overhead throw, shot standing throw, bench press, and squat (r=-.168~-.637), but positively correlated with 30m running time (r=.380).

High linearity and significant relationship between shot put performance and age, height, lean body mass, 30m run, shot overhead throw, shot standing throw and bench press suggest that improved body composition, speed, power, and strength facilitate shot put performance. Excess body fat may produce a negative effect on sport specific physical fitness and results in a lower performance.