Publication:

公立運動設施經營模式之探索性研究

我國加入世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization；WTO）後，運動產業內也必須有效整合資源，才能夠面對國際社會強勁的競爭。本研究介紹國際貿易理論中著名的比較利益法則（the principle of comparative advantage），並認為在國內公立運動設施的經營中，若能結合公立運動設施管理單位土地資源的比較利益、大專院校體育科系人力資源的比較利益，與民間機構資本資源的比較利益，便能創造出最大的社會利益。本研究更據此架構出「公立運動設施管理單位主導」、「大專院校主導」、「民間營利機構主導」、「營利性中介機構主導」與「非營利性中介機構主導」五種公立運動設施經營模式，並建立評估經營模式的評估準則。研究中更進一步藉由分析階層程序法（Analytic ierarchy Process；AHP）所架構而成之問卷，配合德爾菲技巧（Delphi technique），以臺北市立國民中學學校游泳池為評估對象，請專家團成員就五種經營模式依據評估準則加以評估。研究結果顯示：最適經營模式下的準則，以『設施有效使用』最為重要，其次為『學生學以致用』，再其次才是吸引『民間營利機構投入資源』，最後為『校務基金挹注』。評估結果，則以「民間營利機構主導模式」與「營利性中介機構主導模式」整體表現最好。而在數所學校游泳池聯合經營的前提下，混和不同的經營模式則是必要且有效的。根據比較利益法則的分析，在「一所學校全力達成一種價值的前提下」，應以「營利性中介機構主導模式」達成「民間營利機構投入」與「設施有效使用」的價值，以「民間營利機構主導模式」達成「學生學以致用」的價值，再以「大專院校主導模式」達成「校務基金挹注」的價值。

After the entering of WTO (World Trade Organization), the sports industry must integrate the resource efficiently so as to comply the sever competitions around the world. This study introduced the famous principle of comparative advantage in international trade theory and considered that if the comparative advantage of the land resources of public sport faculties, the human resources of physical education department in university and college, and the capital resources of private organization could be combined, the greatest social benefit would be generated. Accordingly, this study not only constructed the five patterns of public sport faculty management: (1).leading by the administrative department of public sport facilities, (2).leading by the college and university, (3).leading by the private profit organizations, (4).leading by the profit intermediary organization, and (5).leading by the nonprofit intermediary organization, but also the evaluation standard to evaluate the management pattern. In the study, researcher used the swimming faculties of junior high school in Taipei city as evaluated subjects by using the questionnaires designed with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and cooperated with Delphi technique which invited the experts to evaluate in terms of the five management patterns. The result of study showed the most appropriate management pattern:(1) to use the equipment efficiently; (2) students could properly apply what they have learned; (3) to attract the investment of private organizations, and (4) to balance the school funds. The result of evaluation showed that the pattern of leading by the private organizations and the pattern of leading by the profit intermediary organization performed best. Based on the prerequisite of the coordinating management for several swimming faculties, it was necessary and efficient to combine different management patterns. According to the analysis of comparative advantage principal, the pattern of leading by the profit intermediary organizations should be used to achieve the investment of Private profit organization, and the efficient use of equipment. The pattern of leading by private profit organization should be used to achieve the value of students apply what they have learned, and the pattern of leading by the college and university should used to achieve the balance of school funds.