Publication:

消失的運動鞋-國小階段女生運動參與歷程之轉變

自從美國明文制定第九條款保障女性運動員的參與權後，女性在運動參與上已較以往樂觀許多。但在現今父權社會中的觀點中，無論是性別刻板印象或是運動項目性別化，都使女性在運動場域中處於不利的位置。加上社會媒介的影響，使得女生對運動參與也就更加怯步了。本研究旨在探討國小階段女生在成長的歷程中，運動參與受到社會媒介、運動項目性別化、性別刻板印象影響的程度。以質性研究中的觀察法、訪談法，自2009年4月至2010年5月期間，共進行了1次近2個月時間的下課時間觀察、1次近1個月的體育課時間觀察、2次各對4名體育教師進行的焦點團體訪談、中高年級各3名女生的一對一訪談，再以類屬情境分析方法對所得資料加以分析。研究發現：（1） 社會媒介包含了家庭、同儕、學校、社區、大眾傳播，均在國小階段女生運動參與時開始產生了影響，而其中又以同儕、學校的影響最大；（2）運動項目性別化在國小階段女生的認知中也開始顯現，且隨著年齡增長，運動項目性別化也越是影響了她們的運動參與行為；（3）性別刻板印象在國小階段女生的認知中也開始顯現，從男女之間的兩小無猜到男女授受不親，從運動能力上的勢均力敵到男強女弱，都使得女生在運動場上慢慢地退出。

Since the ninth constitution of the United States has ensured the right to participate for female athletes, women become more active in sports participation. However, from the viewpoint of being in a patriarchy society nowadays, either sex stereotype or gendered sports has made women in an inferior position in sports. Besides, under the influence of mass media, women have lost more courage to take part in sports. This research aims at studying how mass media, gendered sports, and sex stereotype affect sports participation of girls at the elementary schools. The researcher has adopted the method of observation and interviewing to take on this study. From April 2009 to May 2010, the researcher observed girls during the breaks for almost two months and during the PE classes for nearly one month. In addition, the researcher employed focus group interviews twice to four PE teachers individually and interviewed three 3-6th graded girls one by one. Data are interpreted by the categorical analysis and situational analysis. This research reveals the following findings: (1)Society medium including families, peers, schools, communities, and mass media affects sports participation of girls at the elementary schools. Among the above-mentioned medium, peers and schools have the most significant influences. (2)The idea of gendered sports has germinated with girls’ cognition and it leaves more powerful influences on girls’ participation in sports while they grow. (3)The idea of sec stereotype has also sprouted while the elementary-school girls develop their cognition. In other words, boys and girls are childhood sweethearts and then they become respectful to each other. Besides, boys and girls are evenly competed in sports and then boys become more powerful than girls. These reasons above have gradually made girls less willing to exercise on the playgrounds.