Publication:

從國民體適能的差異性探討全民運動推展策略之研究─以臺灣、日本及中國大陸為例

由於科技的進步，機器取代人力，現代人逐漸養成了坐式的生活型態，造成體能與健康狀況的下降。世界各國無不想方設法，試圖提升全民運動的習慣及體適能水準，我國也積極推動全民運動及改善運動環境，例如運動人口倍增計畫、打造運動島計畫等。為了解全民運動推展成效並提供政府單位研析相關輔措施參考，本研究擬蒐集臺灣、日本及中國大陸民眾近年來國人體適能常模或相關體力指標，透過差異性分析來比較三個國家的全民運動及體適能政策推展成效，再以德菲層級分析法探討分析我國全民運動未來之發展方向及體適能輔導措施。研究結果發現，國人運動習慣與體力指標具有極度正相關，但在近十年健康體適能之表現皆未顯著提升，且較日本及中國大陸兩國來的差。另外，研究也發現在全民運動推展效益包含促進運動相關行業發展與增進全民健康。但發展的同時也面臨了些許問題，主要以運動環境不夠友善及國人認知缺乏為主要問題。政府相關單位應推展落實國人運動認知、健全志工及輔導員制度等改善方案。最後，本研究建議政府相關單位未來可發展規律運動與飲食控制相關政策，並針對女性推展肌力與肌耐力運動，針對男性推廣增強柔軟度之運動。在未來體適能檢測項目及測量上，建議使用統一的篩選及檢測方式。未來研究部分，建議未來研究人員在蒐集資料時可增加更多比較國家，另外可針對國人進行三分鐘登階測驗與最大攝氧量之研究，以了解三分鐘登階測驗是否能準確反應國人之心肺程度。

Due to the progress of science and technology, the machine replaces manpower, the modern has formed the life type to the sitting attitude gradually, that cause the decline of physical stamina and health status.

The countries all over the world try every means to improve habit and health of the whole people's sport rightly; our country actively promotes the whole people's sports and improves the sport environment too.For example,People's Multiplication of Sport Plans, Sport Island Plan, etc. In order to understand the performance and effects of sport plan for residents in Taiwan,suggest the government to plan and analyze sport relevantly policy, this research will collect relevant physical fitness indicators and sport participation rate of country in recent years, Japan and China's Mainland rightly, for analyzing and comparing the difference among the countries. Finally, this study will adopt the Delphi methodology for forming the sport promoting and developing direction in the future. The study found that people sport habits and physical indicators are extremely positive, but in recent years, the performance of health-related physical fitness has not significantly improved, it’s poorer than Japan and China. In addition, this study also found benefits of the promotion of sports for whole people included the development of related industries to promote the sport and improve citizens' health. But the development confrontssome problems, mainly in sports environmentsweren’t friendly and the deficits of sport cognitive. Government agencies should promote the implementation of residents’ sports knowledge, strong the volunteers and counselors system to improve the program.

Finally, this study suggests that government agencies could formulate the regular exercise and diet-control related policies in the future, promote muscular strength and endurance for women, flexibility for men. In the next physical fitness test items and measurement, it is recommended to use an unified screening and detection. In the future research, we suggest that the increase in more countries information for comparing, besides, clarify the relationship between the three-minutestep test and maximal oxygen uptake to understand the validity of cardiopulmonary level.