Publication:

啟蒙時期之排球運動員選材分析研究

本研究之目的，在於瞭解中國大陸基層排球選手選材的方法、參賽資格，與我國基層教練選材方式、參賽資格之異同。經過系統收集大陸排球選材文獻後，以文獻資料分析方式，探討大陸目前之選材方法作為本文之基本理論，再藉由問卷調查了解目前國內基層教練之選材方式，調查結果顯示：

一、大陸在體能素質、心理素質、選材方式上與國內基層教練大致相符，最大的差異在於身體型態的選材，大陸學者認為：必須具備高大體型及較長之手臂長度，並可藉由骨齡、遺傳公式來預測未來身高，其中以骨齡的預測最為準確。而我國基層教練選材則著重於國小階段身高、體能選材和教練經驗選材，與大陸全面採用骨齡科學選材明顯不同。

二、近十年來大陸積極推展科學選材工作，其中以遺傳選材與骨齡選材成績最為斐然。大陸於1992年頒佈了骨齡評斷標準CHN法，且開發出骨齡X光片自動判斷系統，正確的提供骨齡選材的依據，並全面的將比賽分級制度由骨齡來取代年齡，與目前國內小學所採用的年級、年齡為限制的比賽參賽資格明顯不同。大陸骨齡選材與骨齡參賽資格制度的發展，杜絕教練在選材時對早熟型少年運動員的誤判，大大的減少訓練上的資源浪費，堪為國內借鏡。

三、國內基層專任教練不足，嚴重影響基層球隊訓練與選材品質。基層教練有84.5%是由教師兼任，且大部分均無任何教練證照（52.1％），致使基層教練良莠不齊，且在教學與訓練無法兼顧的情況下，造成許多不必要的困擾。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of selection policies for beginning volleyball players and the competition system between Taiwan and China. Through systematic literature reviews, this study discussed the methods that Chinese volleyball coaches presently used for selecting new players. The results indicated that (1) body figures, physical condition, and psychological status are the most emphasized phrases when selecting new players. (2) In the last ten years, tests of gene and bone age were the most effective scientific approaches used while selecting. In 1992, China designed a CHN form, an evaluation standard for examining bone age, and also developed a system which could automatically evaluate players’ bone age through X-ray films. Bone-age-based Selection of beginning volleyball players prevents subjective decisions for young players and helps saving the training resource. (3) The insufficiency of professional coach lowers the qualities of training and selection.84.5% of coaches teaching in the fundamental level were also school teachers, and 52.1% of them did not possess any qualification for coaching. The unbalance between coaching and teaching might diminish the efficiency and effectiveness of training.