Publication:

音樂提示對空間精確性的影響

本研究的主要目的在探討音樂情境對於單維空間動作的精確度控制，以解釋音樂影響動作執行的提示功能。實驗以13位實驗參與者進行在音樂小節或節奏小節內自行啟動手臂外移動作，並以另外10位實驗參與者跟隨音樂或跟隨節奏啟動的手臂外移動作，這些自願的實驗參與者在動作過程中均無視知覺的使用。實驗的音樂情境為華爾滋（每小節3拍、每分鐘28小節），使用的節奏情境則與華爾滋相同，並以電子式線性移動儀（TAKEI公司，1296-40C型）記錄手臂外移30公分的動作表現，再計算絕對誤差、恆常誤差、絕對恆常誤差、變異誤差與整體誤差等參數。經獨立樣本與重複量數的單因子變異數分析結果顯示，各誤差參數在自行啟動的三個情境（音樂情境、節奏情境與無聲音）都無顯著差異（p > .05），跟隨音樂或節奏等情境的各類誤差參數也都沒有統計的顯著性不同（p > .05）；而相較於自行啟動的情境，跟隨音樂或跟隨節奏的手臂外移動作則都有變異誤差較低的現象（p < .05）。研究結果說明跟隨音樂和跟隨節奏為單維的動作執行提供了提示的作用，以提高動作控制時的一致性，動作者可以通過音樂旋律或是鮮明的節拍點，引導動作在空間的穩定性，而降低動作表現的誤差。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the control of spacing accuracy for one-dimensional movement under the musical or musical-like conditions in order to interpret the function of music as the cueing during movement performing. Thirteen volunteer participants were asked to perform the straight-arm outward movement during one bar of Waltz music (3 beats per bar, 28 bars per minute) and one bar of Waltz tempo by self-paced, and the other ten volunteer participants were asked to perform same task following one bar of Waltz music (3 beats per bar, 28 bars per minute) and one bar of Waltz tempo. There was no visual perception using during every trial. An electric linear movement device (TAKEI KIKI KOGYO CO., model NO. 1296-40C) was used to measure the movement of 30 cm of straight-arm outward. After the computation of accuracy score (absolute error, constant error, absolute constant error, variable error, and total variability), repeated measures one way ANOVA, and independent samples one way ANOVA, the results showed that all components of movement error were no any statistical difference among the conditions of Waltz music, Waltz tempo, and control in self-paced (p > .05), nor did in the conditions of following Waltz music and Waltz tempo (p > .05). The variable errors were less in the conditions of following Waltz music and Waltz tempo than performed by self-paced under the conditions of Waltz music and Waltz tempo respectively (ps < .05). It indicated that the music and the tempo could serve as the function of cues to perform the one-dimensional movement and to enhance the performance consistency. The performer was guided to move with minimum error, which was imposed in consistency, through the melody of music or the clarity of tempo.