Publication:

污名感的桃花源？－運動場域女同志特有經驗之探究

社會大眾對於「女同性戀」的污名化深植於各個領域，運動場域卻呈現了獨特的氛圍。女同性戀污名化的內容和運動場域的特質密不可分，不過，女同志運動員卻也在運動場域中尋得一塊污名感喘息之處，這當中污名化與污名感奧妙的演變歷程，以及女同性戀運動員在運動場域中獲得之特殊經驗亦成為本研究之研究動機。本研究透過質性研究的深度訪談作為資料收集之方法，欲了解女同志運動員自我形象之認同歷程、女同志運動員現身程度之現況、運動對女同志運動員形象認同、現身程度之影響。研究對象為7名18歲以上，目前為大學運動校隊之成員或是持續參與業餘籃球盃賽之女同志。

經由資料分析的過程，研究結果如下：

一、形象無形的雕塑者－社會

中性形象總是被女同志拿來當做現身的工具。而研究對象在選擇自己的形象時，也反映出了女性性別角色與異性戀霸權的規範。不過，這樣的念頭在對自身女性的身體認同後，也開始有了改變，女性角色的規範仍然存在，只不過劃定界線的已經成為了自己。

二、衣櫃

家庭，仍然是研究對象面臨最大的衣櫃，一座由異性戀主義、恐同症、家庭觀念做卡榫而成的衣櫃。家人們面對的態度，從支持、不反對也不支持、逃避…似乎只要不太高調的強調自己的性傾向，其實大多數的家人是可以默默的接受這件事的存在，而此時，運動所需的男性特質，也會被拿來當作家人們對外解釋中性形象的正當性說辭。

學校中的老師仍然秉持著「同性戀是暫時性行為」的想法，而營造出無法容忍同性戀的場所。然而，女校卻是另一氣氛獨特的場所，校園中隨處可見的同志情誼是被師長及同儕接納的，如此友善環境的形成，是因為同儕並沒有「同性戀」的觀念，因而當然也不會受到背後意涵的影響；而師長則是在擋也擋不住的情況下，以不違反讀書風氣為原則，睜一隻眼、閉一隻眼的默許同性戀情發生。

三、I really love this game

運動對於女同志運動員來說，是一個重要的場域，不僅僅是因為這是興趣之所在，運動也是女同志運動員獲得自我認同、現身以及集結彼此的場所，而且在運動中對於女同志友善的氛圍，更是讓女同志運動員能自在的活動其中。

The stigmas on lesbian were deeply rooted in many domains, but there was a unique atmosphere in sport area. The elements of stigmas on lesbian were involved with the characteristics in sport area, but lesbian athletes also felt better about the feeling of stigma in sport area. Therefore, this study wanted to explore the correlation between the stigma and the feeling of stigma, in addition, this study wanted to understand what lesbian athletes’ unique experiences in sport area. This study held in qualitative research and collected data by depth interview, and wished to understand how lesbian athletes made self-image identity, how open did lesbian athletes come out, and how sport effected their self-image identity and coming out. Finally, this study interviewed seven lesbians who were above age 18, and currently as a member of the University women's basketball school team, or continue to participate in the Amateur Cup.

Through the data analysis, this study found:

First, society effected lesbian athletes’ image.

Lesbians always come out through their boy-like image. When they choose their appearance, it reflected the norm of the female gender role and the heterosexism, but it started to change after lesbians identify their female body. The norm of female role still existed, but the boundary has changed.

Second, closet.

Because of heterosexism, homophobia and traditional family concepts, families were the most unmentionable objects homosexuality faced. The attitudes about families confronted lesbians include support, not support and not oppose, and evade, it seemed that if they don’t emphasize their sexual orientations, most families could accept lesbians. Meanwhile, the masculinity which sport needed could be a good reason to explain their boy-like appearance.

The teachers still thought homosexuality is a temporary behavior in school, so school became a place where can’t accept homosexuality, but it was different in schools for girls. Classmates could accept homosexuality in school for girls because they didn’t realize this kind of behavior called “homosexuality”, and they didn’t realize the influence of “homosexuality” also. Teachers in school for girls could accept homosexual behaviors only if they could maintain their grades.

Third, I really love this game.

Sport played an important role for lesbian athletes, sport was not only one of their interest, lesbian athletes also could get self identity, to come out, and to gather other lesbians in sport area. Besides, the friendly atmosphere to lesbians in sport made lesbian athletes feel comfortable.