Publication:

青少年衝刺跑能力的發展效應

過去有關衝刺跑的動作發展課題中，僅著眼於完成固定距離的時間、固定時間的衝刺距離等動作結果測量的分析，卻尚無衝刺跑表現過程之相關文獻。本研究的主要目的在探討青少年百米衝刺跑過程的發展效應，並通過達到最大速度的運動學參數與速度維持的變異性參數計算進行年齡差異與性別差異比較。研究以111位13歲（72男、39女）、133位15歲（63男、70女）與92位17歲（39男、53女）青少年為自願實驗參加者，並以雷射距離測量系統（LDM module 300C、100Hz）與AcqKnowledge 3.7.2版訊號分析統記錄與分析實驗參加者完成百米衝刺跑之速度變異性計算。統計方法係以獨立樣本二因子變異數分析與Duncan法事後比較進行差異考驗，顯著水準訂為a=.05。結果顯示百米衝刺跑時間男生（16.75 ± 2.14s）均快於女生（18.46 ± 2.66s）（p<.05），且17歲青少年（16.65 ± 2.93s）均顯示快於13歲（18.05 ± 2.12s）與15歲青少年（17.82 ± 2.43s）（p<.05）；達到最大速度後的20公尺平均速度也顯示男生（6.74 ± 0.89m/s）快於女生（5.98 ± 0.66m/s）（p<.05），且17歲青少年（6.76 ± 0.99m/s）均顯示快於13歲（6.14 ± 0.76m/s）與15歲青少年（6.30 ± 0.79m/s）（p<.05）；而達到最大速度後的20公尺速度標準差與變異係數則顯示15歲女生高於15歲男生，且也高於13歲與17歲女生（p<.05）。15歲女生的百米衝刺跑表現之速度維持特徵的此一結果，說明15歲女生正處於轉換成可產生最快衝刺速度的關鍵期，而表現出此一階段的變異性增加。

In regard to passed the subject of sprint run for motor development, most of them were mainly focus on time to complete a distance, distance for constant duration and suchlike performance outcome measures and do not provide any information about the behavior of human being that let to the observed outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental effects of the process of 100m sprints run for adolescence. The variability of speed retain after peak speed emerge was used to compare the age-related difference and gender difference. 111 13-year-old (72 male and 39 female), 133 15-year-old (63 male and 70 female), and 92 17-year-old (39 male and 53 female) volunteers were severed as participants in this study. A laser distance measurement system (module 300C, 100Hz) and AcqKnowledge 3.7.2 were respectively used to record and to analyze the variability of sprint speed of 100m sprint. The between-subjects design ANOVA and Duncan posterior comparison were adopted to analyze the statistical differences with an alpha level of .05. The time of 100m sprint showed that male (16.75 ± 2.14s) was faster than female (18.46 ± 2.66s) (p<.05) and the 17-year-old (16.65 ± 2.93s) was faster than 13-year-old (18.05 ± 2.12s) and 15-year-old (17.82 ± 2.43s) (p<.05). The average speed of 20m after peak speed showed that female was also slower than male (male: 6.74 ± 0.89m/s, female: 5.98 ± 0.66m/s) and 13-year-old (6.14 ± 0.76m/s) and 15-year-old (6.30 ± 0.79m/s) were showed slower than 17-year-old (6.76 ± 0.99m/s) significantly. The coefficient of relative variability and standard deviation of speed of 20m after peak speed in age 15-year-old showed that female was not only higher than male (p<.05), but also higher than 13-year-old and 17-year-old (p<.05). The findings of the characteristics of speed retain indicated that female in age 15-year-old was facing the critical transitional sprinting skill stage to perform 100m sprint run with an increase in variability prior to the emergence of the fastest sprinting.