Publication:

休閒階級衝突之研究—以馬克思階級理論觀點詮釋

中文摘要

本研究主要是探討休閒階級之間的衝突，並從權力宰制、經濟支配與文化霸權三個向度來加以分析。為了瞭解並釐清這三個面向所造成的休閒階級衝突，本研究採用文獻分析法與歷史研究法，針對休閒階級的衝突進行資料的蒐集、整理、分析、歸納、比較與詮釋。結論如下：

一、在資本主義社會中，資本家控制了生產工具，進行經濟利益的汲取，資本家擁有生產工具為其稟賦，其稟賦的運用可以在權力、經濟資源分配過程中，使其佔有極佳的位置。甚至依其稟賦迫使政府的休閒政策偏向對他們有利的一方，而處於較劣勢的勞動階級也必須結合起來，組成對其有利的團體向政府施壓。

二、資本家藉由生產工具的擁有對於勞動階級進行一場無情的經濟剝削和剩餘價值的汲取，將他們從其他階級那邊奪取來的經濟利益拿去從事炫耀式的消費及休閒，炫耀其對於經濟支配力量比其他階級來的強大。到了現代，炫耀的舞台已從炫耀式的消費與休閒轉向到較具品味的休閒與文化消費。

三、在市場機制的運作下，文化成為了資本家宰制的另一種商業工具，透過文化霸權與象徵符號的滲透，操弄著階級之間的文化。所以，在休閒的參與過程中，可以發現文化霸權宰制的關係存在。

不管從權力資源宰制、經濟資源分配、或是社會文化資源分配等面向分析，都可以發現休閒階級的衝突存在，這些衝突來自於階級之間資源分配的不平均所引起的，這種休閒階級的衝突現象，正是常受到社會學者們所批判的不平等議題之一。

ABSTRACT

This purpose of this study was to know the conflicts between leisure classes from power controlling, economic dominance, and culture hegemony. The methods of this study included historical research and doucumentary analysis in oreder to conclude the reasons of bringing about leisure class conflict. The information and literature on leisure class conflict were collected, rearranged, analyzed, generalized, compared, and interpreted. Findings were as following:

1.In capitalist society, capitalists controlled producing means to obtain more economic benefits. Capitalists owned producing means as their endowments to occupy the most beneficial position in the process of power and economic resource distributing.

2.Capitalists seized profits by economy exploiting form laborers and engaged in conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure. They wanted to show people their economic dominance were stronger than other classes. In contemporary, those leisure classes engaged in high quality leisure and culture consumption to take the place of conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure.

3.Under the operation of marketing mechanism, culture became another commercial means of capitalists. Through culture hegemony and symbolic symbols, capitalists handled the culture between different classes. In the process of today’s leisure activities, could see the culture hegemony existing.

Reviewing from power, economy or culture direction, could see the conflict existing between different leisure classes. Those conflicts come from unfair resource distributions among different social classes. This kind of leisure class conflict is one of the important unfair social issues that were often criticized by sociologists.