Publication:

十八週排球訓練介入對體適能提升與視覺時間區辨能力之效益

國人利用運動提升健康體適能以達到健康為目的，而不同的運動項目是否能提升體適能並同時觀察認知效益是較少探討的。排球是一項開放式運動，需要敏捷的腳步及長時間的移動，牽涉到有氧適能供給能量的消耗，在擊球瞬間需藉由手臂及全身力量將球擊出，亦可提升腹部及手臂肌耐力。除了體適能外，在文獻中可發現專業排球員在視知覺的時間區辨也比一般無運動經驗的人好，因此本研究目的為了探討透過開放式排球運動之訓練是否可提升體適能及視覺時間區辨能力。本實驗對象為無運動習慣之女大學生，共計招募28名，分為兩組，一組為控制組，一組為實驗組，平均年齡18.64歲。實驗組接受十八週的排球訓練，每六週檢測視覺刺激伴隨有聲音及無聲音的視覺區辨反應時間測試，並記錄反應時間及正確率。體適能檢測項目為12分鐘跑走、伏地挺身及仰臥起坐。前後測共計四次。結果: 在體適能部分，12分鐘跑走之攝氧量、伏地挺身及仰臥起坐組間進步並達顯著差異。執行視覺區辨作業反應時間及正確率組間未達顯著差異。本研究認為，相對於以往較為單調之閉鎖式運動項目，欲提升體適能，亦可透過本研究安排的開放式排球課程以提升肌肉適能及有氧適能，並提升其動機及運動計畫之依順性(program adherence)。

For maintaining health, people often do exercise to enhance physical fitness. However, exercise may have beneficial effects other than physical fitness. For instance, volleyball is an open skill which requires agility for body movement and muscle fitness of the abdominal and arm muscles for ball control. In addition, it also requires aerobic fitness for completing the game. In addition to physical fitness, past literature shows that professional volleyball players also have better temporal discrimination in visual perception. Therefore, this study aims at exploring whether physical fitness and visual temporal discrimination can be improved by volleyball training. A total of 28 female university students without regular exercise were recruited in the experiment. Participants were then randomly assigned to the control or the experimental group, 14 participants in each group. Participants in the experimental group were arranged to receive volleyball training for 18 weeks. Both physical fitness, including 12-minute run-walk, push-ups and sit-ups, and visual temporal discrimination were tested before training and every 6 weeks during the training period. These three measures were compared by the ANOVA test in order to investigate the effects of volleyball training. Both of the reaction time and accuracy of visual temporal discrimination did not have significant differences between the groups. As far as the physical fitness is concerned, the measures for aerobic fitness, i.e. 12-minute run-walk, muscle endurance, i.e. push-ups and sit-ups, showed significant improvements. While other sports only improve physical fitness, i.e. running, cycling, the present results suggest that volleyball sport is an alternative choice of physical fitness exercise.