Publication:

從自我差異理論探究國小高年級學童身體意象與身體活動之關係

「纖瘦即是美」或「瘦是顯學」等錯誤的身體意象透過不同的媒體或相關媒介不斷的傳輸，幾乎影響了所有的年齡階層。而偏差的身體意象和身體意象的自我差異不僅造成生理飲食失調和營養失衡，也嚴重影響到兒童身體成長發育，在心理上更是會產生相關沮喪情緒。本研究主要目的在瞭解國小高年級學童身體意象自我差異與身體活動之關係。以臺中市中區高年級學生1107人為研究對象，並將所得資料以SPSS套裝軟體執行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、多變量分析、相關等統計分析。

研究結果顯示：（一）國小高年級學童大都喜歡運動運動；身體狀況也以健康居多；BMI值多數在正常範圍；身體活動量方面男生明顯大於女生，但是五、六年級則無明顯差異。（二）男生在「真實我」和「應該我」得分均大於女生，顯示男生之自信心及責任感大於女生；在「理想我」方面，男女生得分均大於「真實我」和「應該我」，而且並無顯著差異，顯示不分男女，每個人對自我均有較高的期望；不同年級統計顯示，五年級學生在「真實我」、「應該我」和「理想我」得分均高於六年級學生；高年級學生在身體意象自陳分數有顯著差異，此差異性會影響個體之身體活動行為，經多變量分析，Wilks’Lambda值(Λ值)為.60，顯著性為.00，在F考驗上，真實我/理想我、真實我/應該我、應該我/理想我也皆達.00顯著水準。（三）身體狀況和運動態度、「真實我」、「理想我」、「應該我」及身體活動有顯著正相關；BMI和運動態度、「真實我」及「應該我」有顯著負相關，BMI指數高者，其運動態度參與率低，受試者也較沒自信，但BMI和身體狀況、「理想我」及身體活動則無顯著相關。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the body image and the physical activity of fifth- and sixth-grade students based on self-discrepancy theory. This study was conducted upon a cohort of 1107 fifth- and sixth-grade students studying in elementary schools in Central District, Taichung City. The assorted data has been processed by the SPSS software package to carry out descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, multivariate analysis, correlation and other statistical analyses. The results of the study are as follows: (a) The fifth- and sixth- grade students mostly like to exercise; the majority of them are physically healthy as well; and their BMI values mostly fall within the normal range. Boys’ amounts of physical activity are significantly higher than girls’, but no significant difference can be found between fifth grade and sixth grade. (b) Boys’ score higher than girls’ in “actual me" and "ought me", showing that boys are generally more self-confident and also have a greater sense of responsibility than girls. Both boys’ and girls’ score higher in “ideal me” than in "actual me" and "ought me", and no significant difference between boys and girls can be detected, suggesting that both boys and girls have expectations of themselves. As for a comparison between the two grades, fifth-grade students score higher than their sixth-grade counterparts in all three aspects. The students under investigation show a significant divergence between their respective conditions of self-discrepancy in body image: the multivariate analysis suggests a Wilks'Lambda value (Λ) of .60 and a significance of .00; in the F test, actual me/ ideal me, actual me/ought me, ought me/ideal me all reached a significant .00. (c) There is a positive correlation between the students’ physical conditions and their attitudes towards exercise, "actual me”, "ideal me”, and "ought me”. On the contrary, a negative correlation exists between the students’ BMI values and their attitudes towards exercise, "actual me”, and "ought me”—those with higher BMI values are less motivated in their attitudes towards exercise and are less confident as well; however, there is no obvious correlation between the students’ BMI values and their physical conditions, "ideal me", and physical activity.