Publication:

臺灣舉重選手基礎訓練年齡與身體素質發展之研究

本研究主要目的希望藉由身體素質訓練的探討，讓教練了解舉重選手適宜的啟蒙訓練年齡，以及在此階段進行身體素質訓練的重要性和訓練方法。研究對象以基層發展舉重運動學校之教練20名及國、高中，男、女舉重選手120名，共計140名為本研究之主要對象。本研究採用文獻分析法並輔以問卷調查法與訪談等方法進行。茲將本研究結果歸納如下：

一、我國男子舉重選手的啟蒙訓練年齡主要集中在13歲及14歲，佔總數的83.9%；其次是12歲佔11.7%。女子選手主要集中在13歲及14歲，佔總數的76.9%，其次是15歲佔15.4%。我國舉重選手的啟蒙訓練年齡平均為13.36±0.79歲，比蘇聯、土耳其、希臘、中國等各國的選手晚了約3-4年。

二、舉重年齡和身體素質訓練之間的關係密切，在不同的時期合理的安排，使兩者很好的結合起來。舉重選手的身體素質訓練，不應錯過青少年這一個良好訓練時期，尤其要掌握力量素質發展的敏感年齡（13-15歲），才能不失時機的發揮選手最大的潛力。

三、我國基層舉重教練對於一般身體素質訓練方法以30m-60m加速跑以及立定跳遠為主，佔了100%。有20%~40%的教練還會進行1-3km越野跑、球類、壓關節、引體向上、縱跳及折返跑的練習，只有少數教練進行跳箱、爬繩、墊上運動的訓練。專項身體素質訓練方法包括：下蹲抓、懸垂抓、膝上抓、上膊、高上膊、架上挺、前蹲、後蹲、寬高拉、窄高拉、實力推、腹肌、架上支撐等佔總數的55%以上。

四、基層舉重教練在訓練過程中所遭遇到的困難，包括選 手來源不易、訓練資源不足、生活管理及課業輔導等問題。如能在培訓制度及訓練環境做改變，對我國舉重運動有很好的發展未來。

The main purpose of this study is to analyze critical factors of body quality training so that coaches will be able to focus more on the importance and strategy of body quality training at the period of initiate train age. The subjects include 20 coaches and 120 male and female weightlifting players from junior and senior high schools, the total of 140 members. This study applys the documentalanalysis approach accompanied with questionnaire and interviews. The conclusion are as follows,

1.The initiate train age of male players in Taiwan is mainly concentrated at the age of 13 and 14, that is, 83.9% of the total numbers; players at the age of 12 make up 11.7% of the total numbers. As for female players, the age of 13 and 14 makes up 76.9% of the total, and the age of 15 makes up 15.4%. The average initiate train age of all weightlifting players in Taiwan is 13.36 ±0.79, three to four years younger than players in Soviet Union, Turkey, Greece, and China.

2.The appropriate body quality training applied according to the player’s age can reach the greatest result. The critical period of body quality training is the adolescence; the age of 13 to 15 is the crucial phase of develping physical strength quality.

3.The coaches training at grass-roots level mainly apply the strategies of acceleration sprints of 30m to 60m and standing jump as the basic body quality training. Twenty to forty percent of the coaches apply cross-country running of 1-3m, ball games, the joint pressing, chinning, jumping, and back and forth running as the ways of practice. Very few coaches apply trainings like box horse jumping, rope skipping, and mat tumbling. The professional body quality training includes snatch, snatch from knee, snatch from hang, clean, power clean, front squats, back squat, wide high pull, narrow high pull, strength pushes, abdominal muscle, and power Jerk. These physical exercises make up about 55% of the training methods.

4.The coaches may face various difficulties during training, such as the lack of players, the lack of training resources, the problems of daily life management and study counseling. Therefore, the improvement in training system and environment can promote the development of weightlifting in Taiwan.