Publication:

不同意象類型對初學者學習足球技能效果之研究

要如何幫助運動員提高運動表現以及動作技能的學習，一直是所有運動指導者所追求的目標，卻也是個難題。在運動訓練的課程裡，雖然身體練習是主要的訓練方式，但是有許多文獻證實利用意象練習有助於幫助技能學習與運動表現。所以本研究欲以不同的意象方式，介入足球初學者學習腳背挑球，並持續觀察其技能的保留效果，以瞭解意象練習的類型與適合的使用方式。經過四周八次的練習後，數據分析以T檢定與雪費法統計後發現，意象練習在足球腳背挑球技能學習效果上，外在意象練習組顯著優於內在意象組與身體練習組，而內在意象組與身體練習組沒有顯著差異，並顯著優於控制組。研究者認為透過外在意象的練習，以外在第三者的角度去透視挑球動作的各種細節，較能夠有效的幫助個體去仿效意象中的各種影像知覺，包含背景的刺激、踢球時的聲音、節奏感、踢球點的高度等。未來的研究方向可針對「動作技能類型」以及「動作意象能力」加以評估意象介入類型對不同的動作類型或是不同的意象能力做比較研究，以及對學習中以及高水準的運動選手進行相關意象類型的比較研究，探討技能熟練度與意象類型結合的合適性。

How to help athletes enhance their sport performance and the skill learning, it’s always the goal that all the coaches aim at, but also is a difficulty. In the training course, though physical practice is the major train method, however there are lots researches show that imagery practice helps to improve the skill learning with sport performance ( Feltz & Landers, 1983; Hall, 2001; Grouios, 1992; Richardson, 1967). This study is to understand and know the imagery practice types and the proper usage methods by using different types of image practice for soccer beginners on practice in instep kick skill and keep the observation on how the instep kick skill perform. After eight times four weeks practice, the data analyzed by T-text and Scheffe. Has found the effect of imagery practice within learning instep kick skill of soccer beginners, the external imagery practice group performs significantly well than both the internal imagery practice group and the physical practice group, but there is no significantly difference between the internal imagery practice group and physical practice group but both groups perform significantly better than the control group. In this study, the researchers believe it helps individuals to imitate all sorts of imagery consciousness such as the background excitement, sound of kicking, tempo, height of kicking by using external imagery practice observing the details of instep kicking performance by the third-side version. The research target in the future could aim at movement skill type and movement imagery ability by evaluating the comparation of the influence between movement type or different imagery ability and the comparation between the athletes in training and the high level performance athletes, to study the adaption of mature skill leves and imagery practice types.