棒球投手投球上下肢之生物力學分析(I)

棒球為台灣參與世界競技運動賽會之主要項目之一，從少棒、青少棒、青棒、成棒、 以及各種國際棒球比賽，台灣的棒球隊皆有非常亮眼的成績，活躍於世界棒球舞台上。提 升競技運動卓越表現為現今台灣政府主要目標之一，欲達到此一目標，對於競技運動訓練 結果與生物力學評估，則為不可或缺的項目。棒球幾乎可以稱為台灣的國球，而本研究將 以運動醫學領域為基礎，應用生物力學方法，針對棒球投手投擲動作，作生物力學相關分 析，有效率的分析棒球投手投球時上肢與下肢動作特性，以期對於棒球投手投球動作，能 有科學性的量化評估，提供教練更具系統性的資料，而進一步提升棒球投手的專業技術與 提高球隊的戰績。因此，本研究主要目的為以下五點：(1) 建立棒球投手投球動作之三維 生物力學模型，並連結由下肢、軀幹、到上肢的投球運動鏈(2) 測量棒球投手投擲動作之 上肢運動學、動力學與肌電訊號資料(3) 測量棒球投手投擲動作之下肢與軀幹運動學、動 力學與肌電訊號資料(4) 整合上肢模型，及下肢與軀幹模型的棒球投球特性(5) 比較專 業級(國家級)與一般棒球投手的差異。
Baseball has the exclusively importance in Taiwan sports. One of the most important factors for winning in baseball competition is pitchers’performance. In order to become an outstanding pitcher, most pitchers need to practice frequently to increase ball speed and reduce the inconsistence so as to improve performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the differences on kinematics and variability between different ball types during baseball pitching. Nine college pitchers were involved in this study. Vicon motion analysis system was used to measure the pitching kinematics in three balls, fastball, slider and change-up. During pitching movement, the maximum step length was 144 cm. The ranges of motion in knee flexion, trunk rotation, elbow flexion, shoulder abduction, shoulder horizontal abduction/adduction, shoulder rotation and trunk forward bending were 80, 67, 99, 90, 117, 123 and 107 degrees, respectively. Horizontal abduction angle in shoulder during pitching slider was significantly greater than that during pitching fastball. The time in preparation, stride, acceleration and deceleration phases were 42%, 41%, 6% and 14%, respectively. Besides, the coefficient of variability in all kinematic parameters showed no significance, indicating that the professional college pitchers had excellent pitching consistence. The biomechanical information in baseball pitching would be very beneficial for coaches and athletes to quantitatively understand the features during baseball pitching.