Publication:

運用心理技能訓練對女子排球選手認知及身體焦慮之因應策略

運動員的表現深受體能、技術與戰術的影響，比賽中選手更能感受心理因素是不容忽視的。本研究採質性研究，以觀察、訪談、選手日記等方式蒐集資料，研究對象為女子排球績優選手共十名，目的在透過長期跟隊觀察與輔導之方式，以釐清影響女子排球績優選手運動表現之心理困擾，並針對選手心理困擾，選擇因應之心理技能予以輔導，擬調整選手賽前及賽中之認知焦慮與身體焦慮。研究發現女子排球選手之心理困擾主要來自認知焦慮與身體生理焦慮兩大因素，屬於認知焦慮之類型有：負面自證預言、自信心不足、專注力不足、其他因素；屬於生理焦慮之類型有：手心冒汗以及心跳加快等。本研究運用負面思想停止法能有效幫助選手停止負面思想及促進專注，理性情緒治療可幫助選手重建合理之思想，緩和選手緊張情緒，自我對談可幫助選手建立其自信心，呼吸控制法能降低選手之身體焦慮，同時可穩定選手之情緒，而例行性動作可促進選手在發球時的專注力，並使其更加放鬆。從三角檢證的訪談中亦顯示教練及選手主觀評價心理技能訓練確實可以有效幫助選手降低認知及身體焦慮。

The performances of players are effected by physical, technique, and tactics. Players have stronger feeling about the effect of psychological factors when they are in competition. This is a qualitative research. The data is collected by observation, interview, and dairies. The objects are 10 high-leveled female volleyball players. The purpose are to identify the psychological factors of female volleyball players that effect their performances through a long-term observation and counseling and to help players to cope those factors with appropriate psychological skills, then to adjust their cognitive and somatic anxiety before and during competition. The results indicate that psychological factors of female volleyball players derived from cognitive and somatic anxiety factors. The cognitive anxiety of female volleyball players are negative self-fulfilling prophecy, lack of self-confidence, lack of concentration, and others. The somatic anxiety of female volleyball players are palm sweating and rapid heart rate. The results also indicate that stop negative thinking can reduce players’ negative thought and promote their concentration. Rational-emotive therapy can help players to re-instruct rational thought and relax their nervous emotion. Self-talk can help players to build their self-confidence. Breathing control can reduce their somatic anxiety. Routine can promote their concentration before serving and stabilize their emotion. Through triangulation, Coaches and players are both think that psychological skills training can reduce players’ cognitive and somatic anxiety effectively.