Publication:

補充支鏈胺基酸、精胺酸與瓜胺酸對中樞疲勞與反應式技術表現的影響

支鏈胺基酸、精胺酸與瓜胺酸具有多重生理功能，支鏈胺基酸可能減少色胺酸進入大腦，進而降低血清素合成；精胺酸與瓜胺酸則可能增加一氧化氮合成，並促進尿素循環，促進血氨移除，這三種胺基酸綜合補充，可能降低運動誘發之中樞疲勞。本研究群已發現補充支鏈胺基酸與精胺酸可透過抑制中樞疲勞，提升體能表現。除了體能表現之外，技術表現也是決定比賽勝負的重要關鍵，初步研究顯示中樞疲勞可能也會影響技術表現，因此本研究建立新的反應式專項技術測試，以模擬真正比賽狀況。本三年期計畫探討合併補充0.17 g/kg支鏈胺基酸、0.05 g/kg精胺酸、與0.05 g/kg瓜胺酸對網球及跆拳道模擬比賽後，中樞疲勞及反應式專項技術表現的影響，以及對連續二天耐力運動表現得影響。採用隨機交叉實驗設計，以各項目訓練有素的大學運動員為受試者，使用自覺運動強度及血清色胺酸/支鏈胺基酸濃度比率做為中樞疲勞之主觀與客觀指標。在第一年的網球部分，包括左右隨機與對角線底線抽球兩種測試，受試者需要根據對手移動的方向，再決定擊球的方向，結果顯示經過約2小時的模擬比賽，賽前補充支鏈胺基酸、精胺酸、瓜胺酸組在判斷擊球方向正確性，以及擊球準確度與一致性都顯著高於控制組。在第二年跆拳道部分，則根據訊息處理理論發展單任務與雙任務之反應式技術測試，以前動作反應時間作為評估大腦反應能力的指標，結果顯示經過3場模擬比賽後，於第三場比賽前補充支鏈胺基酸、精胺酸、瓜胺酸組可以維持單任務與雙任務之前動作反應時間，而控制組則延長了前動作反應時間。在第三年耐力運動表現方面，第一天進行5000公尺計時賽，第二天進行10000公尺計時賽，在每天賽前補充支鏈胺基酸、精胺酸、瓜胺酸組，5000及10000公尺成績皆顯著高於控制組。在上述三個實驗中都發現補充組血液血清色胺酸/支鏈胺基酸濃度比率顯著降低，氨濃度顯著降低，尿素濃度顯著增加，但自覺運動強度與控制組相同。本三年期的研究顯示，補充支鏈胺基酸、精胺酸、瓜胺酸可以透過減少大腦血清素形成，增加血氨移除，進而減緩中樞疲勞及連帶造成的判斷與反應能力下降，提升體能及技術表現，對於提升球類、技擊、耐力等型態的運動項目都有實質的幫助。

Our group has revealed that supplementation of BCAA and arginine could improve physical performance in simulated handball and basketball games by alleviating central fatigue. In addition to physical performance, skill is also a crucial factor for athletic success. Few studies have suggested that central fatigue may also impair skill performance. This proposed study aims to establish novel reactive sport-specific skill tests to reflect real competitions in which decisions are often initiated in response to external stimuli such as the position or movement of players and/or the ball. This study investigated the effect of 0.17 g/kg BCAA, 0.05 g/kg arginine, and 0.05 g/kg citrulline on reactive sport-specific skill performance under physical and central fatigue induced by simulated matches in tennis and taekwondo. Their effect on two consecutive days of endurance performance was also examined. This study used a randomized cross-over, placebo-control, double-blind design. The subjects will be well-trained college athletes in the respective sports. The ratings of perceived exertion and plasma tryptophan/BCAA ratio were used as the subjective and objective markers for central fatigue, respectively. The first year focused on tennis, an individual racquet sport. The test included random left-right and baseline forehand stroke. The subjects had to decide the direction to hit the ball after observing the opponent’s movement. The results showed that after a 2-hr simulated match, the supplemented trial showed significantly higher rate for hitting to the correct direction, as well as higher scores of accuracy and consistency. The second year focused on taekwondo, an individual combat sport that Taiwan has the strongest international competiveness. A single-task and double-task tests were developed. Premotor reaction time was used to reflect the time required to process the signal in the brain. The supplemented trial maintained premotor reaction time in single- and double-task tests, while the control trial showed significant decline after three simulated matches. In the third year, the subjects completed a 5000 m time trial on the first day, and a 10000 m time trial on the second day. The supplemented trial had significantly better performance on both days.