Publication:

學童參與桌球訓練前後動作能力之效益分析

目的:本研究目的在藉由Movement ABC 和 TGMD-2 Test工具探討參與桌球訓練對國小學童動作發展的影響，希望能確切指出學習桌球項目對動作發展帶來的效益。方法:本研究對象為95名7-10歲的學童，實驗分桌球組與對照組，桌球組33人為自願加入桌球校隊訓練的學童，對照組62人在實驗過程中無接受任何運動訓練的學童，實驗12週分別進行前測與後測，所得資料經轉換分數後以配對t檢定(Pair-t test)及重複量數（Repeated Measures）混合設計雙因子變異數分析（MANOVA）進行分析。結果:在Movement ABC的測驗方面，7-8歲年齡區段在總分、手部操作（p<0.05）及平衡能力（p<0.05）後測有顯著進步，組別間則無；9-10歲年齡區段在總分（p<0.001）及平衡能力（p<0.05）方面後測有顯著進步，桌球組在球類項目有顯著進步，對照組的表現不進反退，後測的手部操作對照組比桌球組有顯著進步。在TGMD-2 Test測驗方面，7-8歲年齡區段後測的總得分(p<0.01)及操控性（p<0.05）技巧桌球組表現顯著優於對照組，而在移位性動作能力測驗中組別與前、後測間皆無顯著差異；9-10歲年齡區段的學童，在總分（p<0.001）、移位性動作能力（p<0.001）及操控性動作能力（p<0.01）皆是後測顯著優於前測，組別間雖無顯著差異存在，但由平均數分析桌球組表現皆優於對照組。結論：整體而言，學習桌球技能對兒童的動作協調能力及粗動作發展能力確實有所助益。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the children with and without accepting the table tennis (TT) training on their motor abilities. Method: Participants were 95 children aged seven to ten years old. There were 33 children in the intervention group who joined in the TT team, and 62 typically developing children without accepting any exercise training in the control group. Children in the intervention group joined the 12-week TT training. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC) and Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) were used to identify the changes of motor abilities before and after 12-week training. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by pair-t test and two-way MANOVA of Repeated Measures. Results: The Movement ABC showed that both groups improved on the impairment scores of the manual dexterity (p<0.05) and balance domains (p<0.05) at the children of the 7-8 age band. However, there was not a significant difference between the two groups. For the children of 9-10 age band, there were significant improvements on the total score (p<0.001) and balance domains (p<0.05) at the post-test. The TT group had significant improvements in the ball skill domain (p<0.01), but the control group regressed. In the manual dexterity domain, the control group had significant improvement more than the TT group (p<0.01). At the children of the 7-8 age band, the TT group had significant improvements more than the control group in the total score (p<0.01) and object control subtest (p<0.05) of the TGMD-2 test at the post-test. However there was not a significant difference between group and pre- and post-test in the locomotor subtest. For the 9-10 age band, both groups significantly improved in the post-test. Generally, the TT group had more significant improvement in the total score than that of the control group. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the TT training has significant improvements for children’s motor ability and development.