Publication:

國小學童內外控信念、人格特質、運動價值觀與運動參與行為相關之研究─以台中市高年級學童為例

本研究主要在探討台中市國小高年級學童內外控信念、五大人格特質、運動價值觀及運動參與行為之關係。為達研究目的依據文獻探討分析，採用「內外控人格特質量表」（Nowicki & Strickland,1973）、「青少年運動價值觀量表」（Lee, Whitehead & Balchin,2000）及自編之「兒童人格特質量表」作為研究工具，並以台中市市立國民小學高年級學童為研究對象，共抽取938位學童進行問卷調查。統計分析方式包含兩部分：第一部分為基本資料與研究變項之平均數差異考驗與單因子變異數分析；第二部分為主要分析利用積差相關、多元逐步迴歸及徑路分析交叉驗證內外控信念、五大人格特質、運動價值觀及運動參與行為之關係。本研究所得之主要結果如下：

1.不同背景變項僅家庭組成在內外控信念具有差異存在。

2.五大人格特質因背景變項的不同，部分層面具有差異存在。

3.運動價值觀因背景變項的不同，部分層面具有差異存在。

4.不同背景變項僅性別與年級在運動參與行為具有差異存在。

5.內外控信念、五大人格特質、運動價值觀及運動參與行為具顯著相關性存在。

6.內外控信念及五大人格特質各層面中對運動價值觀之迴歸分析，以外向性具有最高之解釋力；運動價值觀各層面中對運動參與行為之迴歸分析，以樂趣具有最高之解釋力；內外控信念、五大人格特質及運動價值觀中對運動參與行為之迴歸分析，以運動價值觀具有最高之解釋力。

7.徑路分析結果發現內外控信念、和善性、聰穎開放性、嚴謹自律性、外向性及運動價值觀能夠有效影響運動參與行為，總效果為.36；運動價值觀為影響運動參與行為之中介變項。

The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among the locus of control, big five personality, sport values, and exercise behaviors. Based on literature survey, the instruments were Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale（Nowicki & Strickland,1973）, Youth Sport Values Questionnaire（Lee, Whitehead & Balchin,2000）,and self-designed Personality traits Inventory. The samples are 938 students in 5th and 6th grade in public elementary school randomly chosen in Taichung. Data were analyzed in two parts: first part included descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA and second part included Pearson correlation, multiple stepwise regression, and path analysis. The major results of the study are:

1.Students of different family members have a significant difference in locus of control.

2.Different background variables make the big five personality vary greatly in some aspects.

3.Different background variables make the sport values vary greatly in some aspects.

4.Students of different sexes and grades have significant differences in exercise behaviors.

5.There are significant relationships among the locus of control, big five personality, sport values, and exercise behaviors.

6.According to multiple stepwise regression analysis, among all aspects of the locus of control and big five personality, ’the extraversion’ has the most explanation on the predictability of sport values. Among all aspects of sport values, ‘the enjoyment’ has the most explanation on the predictability of exercise behaviors. Among all aspects of the locus of control, big five personality, sport values, ‘the sport values’ has the most explanation on the predictability of exercise behaviors.

7.From the results of path analysis, it revealed that the locus of control, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion and sport values could affect exercise behaviors. Their total effect was .36. The sport values could be the moderators for the exercise behaviors.