Publication:

兒童及青少年參與運動的樂趣與意圖之關係－社會體型焦慮之調節效應

Hart, Leary, and Rejeski(1989)認為社會體型焦慮可能會減低個體在公開場合的運動參與動機。本研究目的為檢驗兒童及青少年的運動樂趣與參與意圖之間的關係是否受到社會體型焦慮的調節，而且因男性、女生及兒童期、青春期所產生的效應有差異。研究假設青少女的社會體型焦慮會調節運動樂趣與意圖的關係，但是兒童及青少男的社會體型焦慮不會有調節效應。本研究以477名國小五年級至國中二年級的學童為研究參與者。階層迴歸分析並未發現兒童及青少年的運動樂趣與意圖之間的關係會受到社會體型焦慮所調節。而兒童及青少年的運動樂趣能顯著地預測運動參與意圖，其解釋變異量為32％至54％，但是兒童及青少女的運動參與意圖與社會體型焦慮有顯著的負相關。本研究的發現能提供父母、體育教學者在支持、指導兒童及青少年運動經驗的應用建議及建議運動場館管理者在運動設施的設計上提供避免個體身材評價威脅的原則。

It has been shown in the literature that enjoyment is one of the most frequent reported reasons for sport participation for children and adolescents. Research also showed that social physique anxiety may deter individuals from participating in physical activities in public. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the relationship between sport enjoyment and intention to swim of children and adolescents would be moderated by social physique anxiety. Participants were 477 fifth- to eighth-grade students (aged 11 to 14; 259 male, 218 female) who had participated in school swimming class in one year before data collecting. Four multiple hierarchical regression analyses were performed separately for boys (n=111), girls (n=122), male adolescents (n=92, sex characters have shown), and female adolescents (n=152). In each analysis, predictors were the scores of enjoyment in swim, social physique anxiety, and their products; dependent variable was the score of intention to swim and body mass index served as a control variable. Results showed that enjoyment positively predicted intention to swim in all four analyses. Social physique anxiety was also found to be negatively associated with intention to swim in boys, girls, and female adolescents. However, no significant moderating effects of social physique anxiety were found. It appears that enjoyment is relatively the most influential determinant in physical activity participation for children and adolescents. Social physique anxiety may undermine children and female adolescents’ intention to swim, but will not affect the positive association between enjoyment and intention to swim.