過去研究已發現城鄉差異可能影響兒童健康，然而探討此差異於動作協調能力之影響的研究仍然闕如。因此，本研究之目的為調查台灣學齡兒童動作協調能力之城鄉差異。方法：共有1,365位（719位男童，52.7%）9至12歲學齡兒童參與本研究，並根據其就學學校所在地區分為城市兒童（1,153位）與鄉村兒童（212位）。本研究使用台灣兒童動作評估測驗進行動作協調能力之評估，評估後之總分數與面向分數（球類技巧、視覺動作整合、精細動作與平衡）分別用來代表兒童之整體動作協調能力與各面向之協調能力。結果：本研究於整體動作協調能力，以及三個面向協調能力（球類技巧、視覺動作整合與平衡）發現顯著之城鄉差異，鄉村兒童均較都市兒童展現較佳的動作協調能力。除此之外，本研究亦於球類技巧的部分發現顯著之性別與區域交互作用；結果顯示，雖然鄉村兒童的球類技巧優於都市兒童，但相較於女生，城鄉之間的差異在男童身上較大。結論：有鑑於都市兒童動作協調能力明顯較鄉村兒童差，未來的動作協調能力介入計畫將必須特別著重於此區域的兒童族群。

Background: When urban-rural gradients may impact child health, little is known with regard to its potential influence on motor coordination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the urban-rural difference in motor coordination in school-aged children. Methods: 1,365 children (719 boys, 52.7%) at the ages of 9 to 12 years participated in this study. They were divided into either urban children (N = 1,153) or rural children (N = 212). The Taiwan Movement Assessment Test for Children (TMA test) was used to assess motor coordination. The total and sub-domain scores of the TMA test were used to indicate children’s overall motor coordination and performance on four skills (i.e., ball skills, visuomotor integration, fine motor, and balance), respectively. Results: There were significant urban-rural differences in overall motor coordination, as well as ball skills, visuomotor integration, and balance, indicating that rural children have better motor coordination compared to urban peers. Furthermore, a significant interaction of sex by location on ball skills indicated that the urban-rural difference in ball skills is larger in boys than girls. Conclusions: As urban children show poorer motor coordination, interventions targeting the improvements in a variety of motor coordination domains are needed for these children.