Publication:

中老年人有晨泳習慣體適能比較

本研究主要在探討有晨泳習慣的中老年人身體體適能，與晨間運動習慣的中老年人體適能和無運動習慣中老年人體適能差異關係。

本研究將受試者分為三組，有規律晨泳運動與規律晨間運動者和無規律運動為受試者。本研究之有規律晨泳運動者是指每週至少運動三次、每次三十分鐘以上且持續三年以上者，而規律晨間運動者是指每週達三次以上，且每次超過三十分鐘者。研究工具為健康體適能（ 身體組成、肌耐力、柔軟度與心肺功能、最大攝氧量）檢測項目， 資料處理以描述性統計、卡方考驗、單因子變異數分析等統計方法，與體委會體適能常模比較之差異性。

研究結果如下：

一、卡方檢定（χ2=7.417,p=0.829），顯示三組在年齡的分布並無顯著差異。

二、身體質量指數（BMI）、坐姿體前彎（柔軟度）、一分鐘仰臥起坐（肌耐力）測量結果平均數差異考驗F值均未達顯著水準。

三、三分鐘登階測試平均數差異考驗F值均達顯著水準，進行事後比較，顯示晨間游泳組與晨間運動組；無規律運動組兩組間平均數差異考驗F值達顯著水準表示晨間游泳組心肺功能耐力指數明顯優於晨間運動組與無規律運動組兩組。

四、最大攝氧量測試平均數差異考驗F值均達顯著水準，進行事後比較，顯示晨間游泳組與晨間運動組；無規律運動組兩組間平均數差異考驗F值達顯著水準，表示晨間游泳組心肺功能耐力指數明顯優於晨間運動組與無規律運動組兩組。

五、三分登階與最大攝氧量測驗項目的相關顯示（r=.735；<.05），三分登階與最大攝氧量呈顯著正相關。

六、體適能檢測項目再測信度考驗，顯示後測與前測完全相關。

總而言之，有晨間游泳習慣中老年人的心肺功能均優於與晨間運動習慣中老年人和無規律運動習慣中老年人。

This research is studying the elderly physical fitness status, compare and find out the physical fitness difference relations of the elders who have exercise habits in the morning and who don’t have exercise habits.

To compare the physical futness of different exercise habits in middle-aged, three groups of subjects were recruted: （A）The elders who have regular 30 mins swimming exercise at least 3 times per week for 3 years. （B）The elders who have regular morning exercises. At least 3 times morning exercises per week. （C）The elder who have not any exercise habits.The physical fitness status werer measured by body composition (body composition, muscle-resistant power, flexibility and cardiovascular fitness level, VO2max). The data were processed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and compare with Sport Affair Council physical fitness norm patterns.

The results were as follows:

1. The age distribution of three froups should be no significant difference.

2. The drerage “F value” testing in body mass index, sitting in the former bends (flexibility), one minute sit-ups (muscular endurance) exhibited no obviously difference.

3. With significant difference of agerage of “F value” testing in three minute-step test, the cardiopulmonary function index of A groups was much better than B & C groups.

4. With significant difference of agerage of “F value” testing in O2max test, the cardiopulmonary function index of A groups was much better than B & C groups.

5. There are positive correlation ship between three minute step test & the O2max test (r=.735;<.05).

6. With the reliability test of all physical fitness test items, post-test and pre-test are completely relevant.

In conclusion, the cardiopulmonary functions of middle-aged people with swimming exercise at morning were better than with land exercise at morning.