Publication:

男女蛙泳推進功率之比較分析

本研究目的旨在瞭解男女蛙泳選手划手、踼腳的推進功率在聯合推進功率的百分比例。並探討男女蛙泳選手之間在推進功率和協調效率的差異，與各項推進功率與100公尺蛙泳成績表現的關係。受試者以24名（男子12人，女子12名）台中市游泳隊與國立台灣體育學院游泳專長為對象，年齡19.5±1.7歲，身高168.1±7.2公分，體重61.6±7.6公斤。所有受試者皆需接受100公尺蛙泳測驗後，再以「對抗平衡設計」，以Power-Rack滑輪負重牽引器，分別接受蛙泳划手、踼腳及聯合等三項推進功率。統計結果發現：

一、在百分比例分配上男子划手推進功率佔聯合推進功率的42.87﹪±5.67、踼腳50.89﹪±5.85；女子划手45.22﹪±7.61、踼腳48.11﹪±7.05。男女划手與踼腳兩者在統計上並未達顯著差異。

二、協調效率佔聯合的百分比例，男子6.23﹪；女子6.68﹪，男女之間在協調效率的統計上並沒有差異。

三、100公尺蛙泳和各項推進功率相關，男子聯合（r=-0.86**）、划手（r=-0.82*）、踼腳（r=-0.65*）；女子聯合（r=-0.66*）、划手（r=-0.51）、踼腳（r=-0.49）。除女子的划手與踼腳外，男子和女子的聯合，皆達顯著的相關性。

依據以上的結果，研究結論：在蛙泳划手與踼腳均為主要或次要的推進功率，且與100公尺蛙泳有密切的關係，所以教練和選手在訓練不可忽略蛙泳划手與踼腳的貢獻。男女划手與踼腳兩者在統計上並未達顯著差異，顯示男女在百分比例分配上有一致的趨勢，可以做為蛙泳訓練時的參考依據。協調效率方面，以聯合推進功率減去划手及踼腳的差值，做為協調效率指標，在方法上值得再思考。

This study is to analyze the relationship between proportions of different kinds of propulsive power and 100M breaststroke performance for male and female breaststroke swimmers. Twelve male and twelve female breaststroke swimmers from Taichung swimming team and the National Taiwan College of Physical Education were in the experiment. The age group is among 19.5+ 1.7 years old, height 168+7.2 cm, and weight 61.6+7.6 kg. All swimmers were tested by Power-rack machine based on the counter-balancing design, and 3 measures of propulsive power: arm stroke, leg kick and combined whole stroke efficiency, were recorded for each swimmer. The results are compared with their 100M performances. Statistical inference is as following:

1. The proportions of the arm stroke and leg kick in the combined whole stroke propulsive power are 42.87 + 5.67% and 50.89 + 5.85% for male swimmers, respectively. The same proportions are 45.22 + 7.61% and 48.11 + 7.05% for female swimmers. There is no statistically significant difference in the propulsive power proportions between male and female swimmers.

2. Coordinative Efficiency, the leftover proportion after subtracting are stroke and leg kick, is 6.23% for male and 6.68% for female. There is no statistically significant difference, either.

3. The coefficients of relation between 100M breaststroke performance and propulsive power are: male-whole stroke (r = -0.86**), male-arm stroke (r = -0.82*), male-leg kick (r = -0.65*), female-whole stroke (r = -0.66*), female-arm stroke (r = -0.51), female-leg kick (r = -0.49). There are statistically significant relationships between 100M breaststroke performance and propulsive power except female arm stroke and leg kick.

The above results indicate that the proportions of arm stroke and leg kick propulsive power tend to be no difference between male and female breaststroke swimmers. Nevertheless, arm stroke and leg kick are still the two major factors of the breaststroke performance. Also, in order to achieve better performance, improving propulsive power is very important in the training schedule.