Publication:

間歇訓練方式對青少年田徑選手生理之影響

本研究目的以不同距離負荷間歇訓練方式，透過不同距離負荷間歇訓練方式對青少年選手訓練負荷對HR、LA之變化，作為訓練上運動能力評價、訓練效果的判斷與訓練強度掌控之應用，以彰化縣彰德國中田徑徑賽選手(200m、400m、800m)共6人為對象，測試方法以不同距離負荷間歇訓練後，透過恢復方式以安靜時、1’3’5’7’10’15’進行採血取得數據之分析。研究結果發現:

一、針對青少年田徑徑賽選手透過四種不同距離負荷間歇訓練方式後，基礎耐力、運動強度、乳酸閾值、心跳率之分析分別為:

(一)基礎耐力有氧-無氧閾值最大心跳率變化看來，隨著運動強度遞增而心跳率明顯上升。

(二)運動負荷強度平均為6.0 m/s以上，負荷的強度會隨著機體血乳酸濃度的下降而改變。

(三)乳酸變化大部分出現第5~8分鐘達到乳酸高峰值，運動停止後的三至五分鐘後，血乳酸的濃度才會緩慢的下降。則血糖與乳酸也呈現平行現象，表示它們是有相關的。

(四)經過四次測試不同距離運動後恢復心跳率的平均值出現在第五分鐘 (E-5) 明顯下降，並且達到顯著水準。

二、針對青少年田徑徑賽選手透過四種不同距離負荷間歇訓練方式﹐觀察其間歇期選手恢復情況之分析，並得到以下結語:

(一)不同距離運動負荷後血液NH3變化反應，NH3最大平均值出現在第三分鐘(E-3)、則150m出現在(E-7) 。

(二)以100m個人最大乳酸堆積與NH3濃度呈現顯著相關(r=0.8)，150m乳酸與NH3達顯著相關(r=0.9) 這顯示兩種運動負荷對青少年運動選手具有很大的幫助。

(三)不同運動負荷後，在4mmol/l無氧閾值則200m與250m之乳酸堆積達正相關 ，顯示兩種運動負荷非常有效。

(四)運動負荷最大心跳與無氧閾值心跳率則以150m與200m最大心跳與

4mmol/l無氧閾值心跳率呈現正相關 ，顯示兩種運動負荷可以做為青少年徑賽選手再間歇訓練過程最佳指標。

總結以上，青少年運動員選手從事間歇運動訓練可透過乳酸、心跳率、血糖、NH3等生化反應來監控運動強度與恢復情形及其成效。

To evaluate the promoting effect of periodized running training on track and field players, the heart rate (HR) and lactate accumulation (LA) of teenager players, which are applied by periodized running training, were analyzed. Six players, as 200M , 400M, 800M runner, came from junior school in Changhwa County were recruited. The blood samples were collected after resting till normal heart rate for 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 minutes. The changes of maximum heart rate, which come from aerobic and anaerobic threshold, the increment of heart rate come out with training intensity. The average training load intensity is up to a bout 6.0 m/s. the training load intensity changed with the decrement of blood lactate concentration. The data has been shown that the peak of lactate accumulation are reach up to peak at about 5 to 8 minutes and that the LA values decay slowly at about 3 to 5 minute after exercise. Similar phenomenon observed in the change of blood glucose indicated that the correlation exist between LA and blood glucose. After undergoing four various distance running test, the recovery heart rate declined significantly at the fifth minute. The concentration of blood ammonium (NH3) existed positive correlation to the maximum LA at 100M running test with (r=0.8) and at 150M with (r=0.9). it has shown that these two training load are benefit for promotion in teenagers＇player. The LA were positive correlation to AT at 4mmol/l, when training load is at 200M and 250M. The maximum heart rates were also positive correlation to AT heart rate when training load are at 150M and 200M load. It has illustrated that these two training load are good index for periodized training program. In conclusion, effect of periodized running training can obviously promote the performance of teenagers＇player. The measurement of LA, heart, blood, blood glucose and blood ammonium will be the practicable methods to monitor the efficiency of recovery after periodized running training.