Publication:

團體抗力球運動課程對跳躍生物力學的效應

目前常用來進行核心肌力訓練的方式有傳統式、增強式以及抗力球訓練，而使用抗力球進行核心訓練已是目前普遍的方式，但目前的訓練方式皆為單一性的動作訓練。美國運動醫學學會建議，一套完整的運動課程應包含心肺、肌力/肌耐力以及柔軟度訓練，以增加完整的運動訓練效應。此外，前十字韌帶損傷為常見之下肢運動傷害，其常發生於跳躍著地動作時。過去的研究指出進行肌力訓練增強軀幹穩定性可改善造成跳躍著地時的生物力學參數，降低前十字韌帶損傷的機率。然而，之前的研究大都以傳統式及增強式訓練為主，或是抗力球單一動作的訓練效應，鮮少有探討以抗力球進行完整的運動課程效應。目的：（a）探討三個月團體抗力球運動訓練課程在健康體適能上的效應。（b）評估團體抗力球運動課程訓練後是否能改變跳躍著地時的生物力學參數。方法：遵循美國運動醫學學會之運動訓練原則，設計一套完整之團體抗力球運動訓練課程，包含心肺、肌力/肌耐力以及柔軟度訓練。在運動訓練前後分別收集健康體適能檢測參數以及跳躍著地之生物力學參數。以成對樣本t檢定比較受試者在運動訓練課程前後健康體適能以及跳躍著地生物力學參數之差異。結果：（a）在健康體適能檢測結果顯示，進行三個月團體抗力球運動訓練後，最大耗氧量（VO2max）、肌耐力以及柔軟度均明顯提升。（b）在跳躍著地生物力學參數中，進行三個月團體抗力球運動訓練後，在跳躍著地時軀幹、髖關節及膝關節屈曲角度增加而膝關節外轉角度與踝關節蹠曲角度減少。（c）在跳躍表現上，進行三個月團體抗力球運動訓練後，跳躍最大高度以及起跳時瞬時速度均顯著增加。結論：進行三個月團體抗力球運動訓練後，可明顯提升心肺耐力、肌耐力與柔軟度等健康體適能能力。同時，與跳躍著地時前十字韌帶損傷相關之生物力學因子，訓練後亦有顯著改變。由此可知一套完整之團體抗力球運動課程訓練後，可提升健康體適能能力，並有助於降低跳躍著地時，發生前十字韌帶損傷之機率。

Nowadays, there are three main types of core strength training: traditional strength training, progressive strength training and strength training using a stability ball. Strength training using a stability ball （Swiss ball） to improve core muscles has been a common method. However, the previous studies about training using Swiss ball only focused on specific action. Few of studies have discussed the effect of training program. According to the American College of Sport Medicine’s （ACSM） training guidelines, a training program should contain s set of trainings including cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength/muscle endurance and flexibility. Besides, anterior curciate ligament （ACL） injury which most often occurs during landing from jumping is a common lower limb injury. Previous researches have indicated that core muscle strength training for trunk stability could improve the parameter of biomechanics during landing. Also, the published researches about for muscle strength training only studied the effect traditional and progressive training. Few studies had discussed the training effect of strength training program using a Swiss ball. Purpose：（a） To study the training effect of three-month stability ball training program on the health-related fitness. （b） To estimate the training effects on the biomechanical parameters of jump landing. Methods：We designed a training program using Swiss ball according ACSM’s training guidelines, including cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength/muscle endurance and flexibility. The health-related physical fitness assessments and the biomechanical parameters of jump landing were recorded before and after training. Pair-t test was used to compare the difference of the parameters of physical fitness assessments and jump landing before and after training. Result：The results of health-related physical fitness assessments indicated that the VO2max, muscular endurance and flexibility have significantly improved after three-month stability ball training. The resulted showed that the flexion angles of trunk, hip and knee joint during jump landing were increased. Also, the knee external rotation and ankle plantar flexion angles during jump landing were decreased after training. Besides, both maximal jump height and take-off velocity were increased. Conclusion：There were significant training effects on the cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance and flexibility and biomechanical parameters during jump landing related to the factor of the ACL injuries. The training program using a stability ball in this study is helpful to improve health-related physical fitness and to reduce the chance of ACL injury.