Publication:

投手的上肢工作與控球：生物力學觀點

一場棒球比賽中，投手是對抗強力打擊者的第一道防禦線，所以投球時掌握多種投球類型、了解關節力量負荷與提高投擲球速是投手關注的重要工作。本研究透過回顧棒球投手的投擲運動力學文獻，觀察投球的近端至遠端序列 (proximal-to-distal sequence, PDS) 原則、投擲精確性控制與上肢關節的力量負荷。過去文獻顯示快速球投擲時肢段之間的工作順序只有近心端的肢段會符合 PDS 原 則，職業棒球投手在投快速球時擁 有極為優秀的水平方向的控制能力，而進行曲球投擲對於上肢關節力量負荷的壓力與危險性不會高於快速球。透過棒球投擲的量化研究，可以提供棒球投手的投擲訓練與指導之重要參考資訊。

A pitcher is the first line to defend the powerful batting in the baseball game. It is an important issue to perform the various types of pitch, to enhance the speed of ball release, and to know the mechanical load on joints during the pitch thrown. The aim of this narrative paper is to review the biomechanical literatures of pitcher movements on the principle of proximal to-distal sequence, the accurate control of pitch location, and the load of upper extremity. The recent studies showed the phenomenon of the proximodistal spatiotemporal direction occurred only at the proximal segments during the fastball pitching. Professional pitchers showed well ability of accuracy control in lateral direction for the fastball pitching. The mechanical loads do not showed more stressful and dangerous in curveballs than in fastballs. The quantitative information of the pitching researches provided the references valuably for the baseball training and coaching.