Publication:

臺灣角力教練領導行為與團隊凝聚力之研究

研究目的：本研究主要目的在瞭解角力選手知覺教練領導行為與團隊凝聚力之間的關係。研究對象：本研究對象以參加99年全國總統盃角力錦標賽選手，共498位。共發出問卷498份，回收有效問卷共 412 份，有效樣本率為 82.7%。統計方法：並將所得資料經描述性統計、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、多變量變異數分析。

研究結果與資料如下：

一、本研究中之男、女生角力選手之分佈情形經調查結果顯示，性別以「男生」居多，佔80.8%；訓練總年數的分佈以「1-3年」的人數最多，佔46.4%；參賽組別，以「國中組」者居多佔56.8%；最高運動成績，以「全國性單項成績前三名」者居多，佔53.6%；每週練習天數，以「4-5 天/週」者最多，佔49.3％。

二、在教練領導行為方面， 男性選手知覺領導行為顯著高於女性。訓練年數「1年以下」、「1-3年」的選手知覺領導行為中的關懷行為顯著高於「7年以上」的選手。高中組與國中組知覺教練領導行為顯著高於大專社會組。比賽成績在「縣（市）級比賽前三名」的選手知覺領導行為顯著高於「全國性單項成績第四－六名」。訓練頻率較低的選手較能知覺教練領導的「民主行為」構面。

三、在團隊凝聚力方面，訓練總年數在「1-3年」、「4-6年」的選手知覺團隊凝聚力顯著高於「7年以上」。｢團隊凝聚力｣與「團隊合作」、「團隊適應」、「人際吸引」構面中，「國中組」與「高中組」在團隊凝聚力得分上顯著高於「社會組(與大專組)」。

四、領導行為與團隊凝聚力之相關分析：角力選手在「知覺教練領導行為」與「團隊凝聚力」中，除了「團隊合作」與「自主行為」外；「人際吸引」與「自主行為」未達顯著相關，各構面上達顯著正相關。而教練領導行為可以顯著預測選手的團隊凝聚力，對團隊凝聚力總變異量為31.422％。

Research Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the wrestlers’ perceived coach leadership behavior and team cohesion. Research subject: wrestlers participating in the 2010 President Cup wrestling tournament. 498 questionnaires were distributed and 412 were valid responsed, corresponding with a 82.7% of return rate. Data analysis: descriptive statistics, t test, one way ANOVA, MANOVA.

Conclusion:

First, most of the wrestlers were male (80.8%); with "1-3 years"(46.4%) exerpience; and are Junior high school students (56.8%); the best performance were "the top three place in the nationl individual competition" (53.6%), and their practice frequency was "4-5 days / week "(49.3%).

Second, Iin coach leadership behavior: The perceived leadership behavior of male player is significantly higher than that of female. The concern from the perceived leadership behavior of the player trained “under 1 year” and “1 to 3 years” is significantly higher than the one trained over 7 years. The coach perceived leadership behavior of the senior high school and junior high school groups is higher than that of college and adult groups. The perceived leadership behavior of the player who won the top three places in the country (city) competition is significantly higher than the one who won the top 4 to 6 in national competition. The player who has less training frequency perceived more dimension of “democratic behavior”, which coach led.

Third, In terms of team cohesion: The players who have trained for “1 to 3 years” and ”4 to 6 years” have higher perceived team cohesion than the ones who have that for “over 7 years.” In the dimensions of the team cohesion with the “teamwork”, “Team adaptation“ and “interpersonal attraction”, the “Junior high group“ and the ”Senior high group” have the higher score on team cohesion than the adult and college groups did.

Fourth, In the analysis of correction between leadership behavior and team cohesion, except the “teamwork and autonomous behavior”, “perceived coach leadership behavior and team cohesion” were not positive corelated, the rest of studied variables were significantly and positively corelated. However, the coach leadership behavior can effeictively predict players’ team cohesion. The total variance in team cohesion is 31.422 %.