Publication:

中學男子柔道選手減重前後專項運動能力分析

本研究目的是分析中學男子柔道選手，在減重訓練前後產生的體重、身體組成、無氧能力及專項運動能力變化。以中學男子選手20人為研究對象，在減重前後，以身體組成分析儀進行體重及身體組成之變化分析，並在柔道訓練場上，實施柔道專項檢測。運動結束後，採血分析乳酸值，判斷其無氧能力及柔道專項運動能力。本研究係運用「獨立樣本T 檢定及成對樣本T 檢定，用來瞭解減重組與無減重組訓練的前後，其本身對於「體重」、「身體組成」、「無氧能力」、「柔道專項檢測」變項的實際值有無不同。統計方式α值設定為<.05。結果：在減重期間，選手體重及身體組成面向下的身體總水重、肌肉重、除脂體重、脂肪分布、BMI、BMR變項的實際值數據上有顯著差異。在無氧能力的乳酸值上，只有安靜乳酸值及安靜心跳率有差異，其他均未達顯著差異。

結論：在賽前一週內，控制體重5％的急速減重，對於中學柔道選手運動表現沒有顯著影響。因此，在柔道競賽中，賽前一週的急速減重5％，對於國高中階段的柔道選手是屬於合理範圍內。

The purpose of this study was to analyze variation in body weight, body composition, anaerobic capacity, and specific sports performance among male high school judo players before and after weight loss training. The subjects under test were 20 male high school judo participants. The variation in their body weight and body composition is analyzed with a body composition analyzed before and after weight loss, and they underwent specific judo tests at a judo court. At the end of exercise, their blood was sampled to assess the blood lactate level for determining their anaerobic capacity and specific judo performance. This study involves using the independent sample t test and paired sample t test to determine variation in the variables "body weight", "body composition", "anaerobic capacity", and "specific judo performance" with a <0.05 between the weight loss group and the non-weight-loss group before and after training.

Results: During the period of weight loss, there were significant differences in the players' body weight and the total body water, muscle weight, fat-free weight, fat distribution, BMI, and BMR below the body composition plane; differences existed only in the rest lactate level and the rest heart rate, as far as the lactate level of the anaerobic capacity is concerned; no significant differences are found in other parameters.

Conclusion: A 5% drastic decrease in high school judo players' body weight within the one week before a competition does not have any marked effect on the high school judo players' performance; hence, a 5% drastic decrease in junior and senior high school judo players' body weight within the one week before a competition is justifiable.