Publication:

舉重選手體型、肌力與成績表現相關研究

舉重選手成績要好，體型的好壞與肌力的大小佔了絕大因素，目前國內參與舉重運動的人口稀少，於體型、肌力均優的選手更是少之又少，相關可供參考之體型、肌力之相關研究缺乏的情況下，因此較無法能適時的提供教練及選手在選擇選手體型與訓練肌力上參考的依據。本研究以舉重選手為受試對象，針對體型與肌力的相關研究。以高雄地區舉重選手為受試者，進行各部位肌力和體型的測量，同時參照全國舉重紀錄與世界舉重紀錄等資料，比較選手最佳體型、選手肌力的最大肌力之相關。研究結果顯示：一、在舉重選手體型特徵方面：本研究之男、女選手以內胚型占大多數，平均53.35％。且隨著級別增加，其選手體型由外胚型漸向內胚型發展；二、體型對成績影響方面：本研究結果顯示內胚型與中胚型選手的成績較佳，相對的外胚型選手表現較不突出。與全國紀錄成績差距進行比較發現，女選手與全國記錄成績差距較小，以內胚型之女選手成績較佳；三、肌力與成績方面：本研究以相對肌力和舉重成績進行比較，發現無論是各層級的各級選手其相對肌力和級別皆成顯著之正相關（p<.01）。結論：舉重比賽代表人類最大肌力表現的項目，隨著訓練方法更新，注重選手體型與肌力的要求，舉的重量一再被提高。反觀國內的選手在小級別選手是有幾近奪牌的希望，但在最後兩個大級別在比賽中的表現與我們的期待就有很大差距，也未能拉近世界水平，雖然部分級別有進步，但總未發現新人，成績也很一般，如此形勢對國內選手進軍國際依然不樂觀。目前！國外大級別已經很少像身體龐大臃腫屬內胚型的選手，而是身材高挑，肌肉結實屬中胚型的選手。強調肌力，要求速度和爆發力的重要性，今後國內大級別的體型都應該朝此方向努力。

It has been recognized that the factors of anthropometric characteristics and muscular strength play significant roles in the performance of weightlifters. However, in Taiwan, weightlifters with good body types and muscular strength are comparatively far and few between. What’s more, there is not much research in the correlation of body types and muscular strength to provide adequate and accurate information for the coaches and weightlifters as reference in choosing body types and strength training. In view of this, the purpose of this research is to investigate the correlation of best body type and peak torque in strength training acting on the performance of weightlifters by observing and keeping track of the training of the participants studying in Kaohsiung Municipal Gushan Senior High School.

The results reveal that: 1. The characteristics of weightlifters’ body types: The body type of the participants, including both male and female, in this research is mostly composed of Endomorph, with few male participants in Ectomorph and few female participants in Mesomorph. This research indicates that with the increasing of the category, the body type of the weightlifters goes from Ectomorph to Endomorph. 2. The influence of body type on weightlifters’ performance: This research suggests that the body types of Endomorph and Mesomorph have a significant and positive correlation to the weightlifters’ performance while the body type of Ectomorph has a negative correlation. That is, the participants with the Endopmorph body type, especially the female weightlifters, in accordance with their performance in the National Championships, have a better performance. 3. The correlation of relative strength and performance: With the information collected from the participants of Gushan Senior High School as well as the record keepers in National Championships along with the World Championships, it has been found that relative strength has a significant correlation with the performance in different categories (P<.01). The weight lifted by the participants in this research increases with their body weight. On the contrary, in terms of relative strength, the weight they lifted declines with their body weight. Conclusion：Weight lifted is the game to perform maximum muscle strength of human beings. Through the training program to upgrade, it is more focus on weightlifters’ body type and muscle strength, the weight can be lifted is improved constantly. In Taiwan, weightlifters of liter categories has great hope to win a medal, but the performance has great drop to our expect at the last two heavy categories and can’t get closely to world level. Although some categories have improved, but has not always found rookies, the achievement is very general. Such situation is still pessimistic when our players marching into world. At present, it is already seldom that players with Endopmorph body type in foreign heavy categories but tall and muscle strong as Mesomorph type. Emphasize the importance of muscle strength, speed and explosive force. Heavy categories should diligent in this direction in the future