Publication:

優秀桌球兒童之視覺訊息處理能力

【背景與目的】在競技運動中，優秀運動員經常需要仰賴視覺訊息以達到快速又直接的訊息接收並產生反應。視覺訊息處理能力優劣通常會影響運動員的動作能力與運動成就，而我國在過去鮮少以兒童運動員進行深入的探討。另外，從過去研究發現優秀桌球兒童在動作協調能力表現上明顯比一般兒童較佳，因此本篇將從視覺訊息處理過程進行研究，目的為比較優秀桌球兒童、正常兒童與發展協調障礙兒童(DCD)在視覺訊息處理能力之差異，並進一步分析優秀桌球兒童的視覺訊息處理能力與動作協調能力之間的相關性。【方法】使用「兒童動作評估量表測試工具(Movement Assessment Battery for Children test)」檢測兒童之動作協調能力，共篩選出120名9-10歲國小兒童為受試者，其中40名為優秀桌球兒童，40名為正常兒童，另外40名為DCD兒童。所有兒童皆接受視知覺技巧測試(TVPS-R test)及視覺空間注意力任務測試(COVAT test)兩項工具評量。【結果】研究結果顯示三組兒童之間，優秀桌球兒童在TVPS-R測試結果最好，且隨著動作協調能力越差，其視知覺能力表現越差，但三組間未達顯著差異。在COVAT任務測試中，優秀桌球兒童執行任務整體所需的反應時間比正常兒童及DCD兒童顯著要短，注意力轉移能力明顯較優異，且錯誤次數較少。【結論】優秀桌球兒童在視覺訊息處理能力表現較佳，而視知覺能力與動作協調能力無顯著相關，未來研究可擴大樣本進一步探討。

【Background & Purpose】Athletes often rely on visual information to quickly receive information from the external environments and make responses directly in sport fields. The abilities of visual information process usually affect the motor performances and sports achievement of athletes. Up to today, the level of visual information abilities in young athletes was less examined in any depth in Taiwan. The finding of that the elite young table tennis players were obviously better in the motor coordination abilities than the non-DCD children was found in the past studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study were to investigate the visual information abilities of 9 to 10 years-old elite table tennis players and to compare that with the same aged children with typical development or developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and further to analyze the correlation between the abilities of visual information processing and motor coordination in the elite young table tennis players.【Method】The Movement Assessment Battery for Children test was used to identify whether children had the problems in movement coordination. A total of 120 subjects enrolled in the study. Among them, 40 children were elite table tennis players, 40 children were typically developing children, and 40 children were DCD children. Each child was evaluated with the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills-Revised (TVPS-R) and Covert Orienting of Visuospatial Attention (COVAT). 【Results】The results showed there was no significant difference among groups in the visual quotient score of TVPS-R (p>.05). The visual perceptual ability of elite table tennis players was better than that of children with typical development and with DCD. The poorer the motor coordination performance, the poorer the visual perceptual ability. In the COVAT task, elite table tennis players showed significantly shorter reaction time (p<.05), inhibitory response time (p<.05), and less response errors (p>.05) compared to children with typical development and with DCD. 【Conclusion】The elite table tennis players demonstrated the best visual information ability. However, the correlation between visual perception ability and movement coordination ability was no evident. The further study with increasing sample size was warranted to explore the topic in greater depth.