Publication:

不同技術蹲舉之下肢生物力學分析

蹲舉為競技舉重輔助訓練的重要項目之一，過去文獻雖有許多文獻探討蹲舉動作變化及負荷對於下肢生物力學的影響，但少有注意到，反彈與無反彈技術對於下肢生物力學的影響，縱使在臥推的研究中已發現反彈技術可以產生更大的功率，不過反彈技術在蹲舉的效益仍是未知。除此之外，過去的文獻分析僅為蹲舉在矢狀面下關節的活動角度、力量與力矩。研究目的：本研究使用三維分析系統，分析反彈、無反彈技術蹲舉與三種不同重量負荷60%、70%、80%(1RM)對下肢生物力學影響。研究方法：使用8台高速攝影機與2塊三維測力板收集蹲舉動作資料。受試者為13名競技舉重選手，分別執行反彈與無反彈兩種蹲舉技術變化與三種不同重量負荷。以成對樣本t檢定與重複量數單因子變異數分析不同技術與不同重量負荷對於執行蹲舉動作之下肢運動學與動力學的影響。研究結果：在關節力量部份，兩種技術相較之下，反彈技術會有較大的踝關節最大前側、內側與壓力力量、膝關節最大前側力量、髖關節最大後側力量。反彈技術於踝關節最大外旋力矩、膝關節最大伸展力矩與髖關節最大內旋力矩比無反彈技術大。在重量負荷部份，無反彈技術會有較大的膝關節最大內側關節力量、髖關節最大前側與外側關節力量。反彈技術在受重量負荷影響會有較大的踝關節最大前側、內側、壓力關節力量、膝關節最大前側與壓力關節力量與髖關節最大前側、後側、外側與壓力關節力量。關節力矩受負荷影響較小，無反彈技術在膝關節屈曲力矩與髖關節內旋力矩有顯著差異，反彈技術在膝關節伸展力矩有顯著差異，其餘各方向力矩皆無顯著差異。結論：不同的技術會影響訓練的效益，建議競技舉重選手選擇反彈技術。初學者及傷後復健選手則建議選擇無反彈技術，以增強下肢肌力與減低傷害風險。

Barbell squat is an important strength training to enhance muscle strength in weightlifters. Previous studies investigated different techniques and loadings in barbell squat; moreover, biomechanical evidences were proved in the sagittal plane. Besides, the previous researches also documented that it induced greater joint power throughout rebounding technique in bench press. However, the effect of rebounding technique which influences biomechanics of lower extremities is still unknown in barbell squat. Objectives-The purpose of this study was to estimate the full three-dimensional biomechanical parameters of lower limbs during a barbell squat with different techniques and loadings (60%, 70%, 80% of 1 RM). Methods-Thirteen male weightlifters (age: 20.0±2 years old; body height: 170.7±6.8; body weight: 88.8±20 kgw) from college weightlifting team members were recruited in this study. VICON motion analysis system (VICON Motion System Ltd., UK) was used to collect the trajectories of the reflective markers at 250 Hz. Two force plateforms (Kistler Instrumente AG, Switzerland) were synchronized with the motion analysis system to collect ground reaction forces and moments at 1000 Hz. Each subject was asked to perform the barbell squat using different weights (60%, 70%, 80% of 1 RM) combined with different rebounding skills (with/without rebounding). The paired-t test and repeated measure ANOVA were be used to analyze the effects of different weights combined with different techniques in biomechanical data during barbell squat. Results-The peak anterior/compression/medial forces of ankle joint, the peak knee joint force toward anterior direction, and peak hip joint force toward posterior direction were significantly greater in barbell squat with rebounding comparing to the skill without rebounding. The peak medial force of knee joint and peak anterior/lateral forces of hip joint were increased with lifting weights in non-rebounding skill. There were peak anterior/medial/compression forces of ankle joint, peak anterior and compression forces of knee joint, and peak anterior/posterior/lateral/compression forces of hip joint increasing by rebounding skill with lifting weights. The knee flexor moment was significantly increased with lifting weights both in rebounding and non-rebounding skills. Conclusion- These results suggest that knee flexor play an important role for generating power in barbell squat exercise. The adequate strength training is needed to enhance muscle strength in lower limbs in weightlifters.