Publication:

國小學童運動參與態度、身體健康狀況與運動參與阻礙相關之研究

本研究主要目的在瞭解國小學童的運動參與態度、身體健康狀況與運動參與阻礙之現況，分析背景變項與三個變項之間的差異，並探討三者間的相關性。本研究先採用文獻分析法以瞭解國小學童的運動參與態度、身體健康狀況與運動參與阻礙之理論基礎，再加以問卷調查法填寫問卷，其問卷內容包括基本資料、運動參與態度量表、自覺健康狀況量表、運動參與阻礙量表等四個部分。調查對象係以台中縣165所公立國民小學四、五、六年級學童為母群體，採用叢集抽樣法抽取21所國小，有效樣本人數計1732人。回收資料以統計套裝軟體SPSS 10.0執行，採用描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數及Scheffe事後比較、積差相關、典型相關、多元逐步回歸等統計分析。經分析討論獲得以下結論：（一）男性、一般學生、較低年級、曾參與運動社團、有運動習慣、父母有運動習慣、父母態度支持、雙親或單親家庭，其運動參與態度較高。（二）女性、較高年級、運動頻率少、權威管教方式、父母態度反對、父母本身無運動習慣者，其身體健康狀況較差。（三）女性、不運動或無規律運動者、沒有參加運動性社團、父母態度反對、父母沒有運動習慣，造成國小學童運動參與阻礙較大。（四）運動參與態度愈強，身體健康狀況愈佳，運動參與阻礙愈小。（五）運動參與態度、身體健康狀況與運動參與阻礙，兩兩間皆具有典型相關。（六）運動參與態度與身體健康狀況可以解釋運動參與阻礙的12％。

The main purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of attitude toward exercise participation, health conditions, obstacles to exercise participation, to analyze the differences of varied demographic variables on the above three items, and to discuss the relationship among the three. The researcher of this study applied documentary analysis, questionnaires survey, and interviews to gather the first-hand research data. The questionnaires were composed of the background of the elementary school children, and the rating scale of attitude toward exercise participation, health conditions, and obstacles to exercise participation. This study applies a questionnaire approach. The subjects of the questionnaires are 1,732 elementary school children from the fourth year, the fifth year and the sixth year. They distribute in 21 elementary schools in Taichung County. The collected data are analyzed with respects to descriptive statistics, t test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe comparative method, Pearson’s product monent correlation, canonical correlation, stepwise multiple regression with the use of SPSS program (Windows 10.0).

In conclusion, first, those whose attitude toward exercise participation higher are male, general students, at the lower grade, participate in the sport corporation, have exercise habits, parents have exercise habit, whose parents support them, parents or the single-parent family. Secondly, those whose health conditions are lower are female, at the higher grade, with little exercise frequency, whose parents use authoritative educational methods, whose parents oppose them, whose parents have not exercise habits. Thirdly, those who have biger obstacles to exercise participation are female, at the higher grade, with little exercise frequency , not participating in the sport corporation, whoes parents oppose them, whose parents have not exercise habits. Fourth, if the attitudes toward exercise participation are higher, the health conditions are good, and the obstacles to exercise participation are lower. Fifth, they have canonical correlation among the attitude toward exercise participation, health conditions, obstacles to exercise participation. Finally, the attitude toward exercise participation and health conditions can explain 12% of the obstacles to exercise participation.