Publication:

高中女子手球教練訓練行為之個案研究

本研究旨在探討教練訓練行為特徵、教練運用訓練行為的目的以及選手對教練訓練行為的知覺。以高中女子手球教練及選手為研究對象，採用觀察及訪談方式，運用ASUOI系統觀察工具，透過實況觀察與錄影，共計18次，以劃記方式記錄，並以半結構方式進行訪談。觀察資料經次數、總數、百分比與平均次數統計並綜合訪談資料分析呈現結果如下：

一、教練的訓練行為特徵，平時訓練階段以當場指導與事後指導最多；訓練比賽階段以責備行為與當場指導最多；賽前特別準備階段以當場指導與責備行為最多；正式比賽階段以當場指導與責備行為最多。

二、教練訓練行為在各階段的指導類行為中皆以當場指導使用次數最多，目的在於立即對選手錯誤動作進行修正以期選手及早適應比賽。非指導類行為中以責備行為使用最多，目的在於糾正選手錯誤動作同時除去選手錯誤動作。

三、各訓練階段，選手對教練當場指導行為的知覺呈現正向反應。平時訓練階段選手對教練管理及催促行為之知覺呈現正向反應；訓練比賽階段選手對教練責備行為知覺反應不一，部分選手認為會提高壓力產生抗拒；賽前特別準備階段選手對教練責備行為知覺反應不一，部分選手認為會導致信心下降；正式比賽階段選手對教練責備和催促行為反應不一，部分選手反應會喪失信心及影響表現。

This study was to examine training behavior characteristics of coaches, objectives in applying training behavior, and perceptions in training behavior of coaches. The subjects were handball coaches and players of girls’ senior high schools. Methods for data collection were through observation and interview. By applying the ASUOI system observation tool, through observation of actual situations and video tape recording, 18 times were recorded by marking, and engaged in semi-structural interview. The observation data were through descriptive statistics as well as interview data were analyzed. The following results were found.

1.The overall result showed that training behavior characteristics of coaches during the normal training phase indicated on-situ instruction and afterwards instruction account for the most; during the training phase, blaming behavior and on-situ instruction account for the most; during the pre-competition preparation phase, on-situ instruction and blaming behavior account for the most; during the competition phase, on-situ instruction and blaming behavior account for the most.

2.Concerning training behavior to various instructive behaviors in each phase, on-situ instruction behavior accounts for the most in frequency, with an attempt to perform correction for wrong actions of players in order to facilitate players to be ready for competition as early as possible. Among the non-instructive behaviors, blaming behavior accounts for the most in frequency, with an attempt to correct wrong actions of players.

3.During each training phase, players had positive reactions to feel an on-situ instruction behavior of coaches. During normal training phase, players had positive reactions to feel managerial and urging behavior of coaches. During training competition phase, reactions of players towards the feeling of coaches’ blaming behavior were numerous, while some players tended to resist by deeming it as a raising stress. During the pre-competition preparation phase, reactions of regular players towards the feeling of coaches’ blaming behavior were numerous, while some players though it may lead to reduce confidence. During the formal competition phase, reactions of players towards the feeling of an instructor’s blaming and urging behavior were numerous, while some players reacted that it would lead to loss of confidence and impact on performance.