Publication:

我國女子400M跨欄選手之全程跑結構特徵分析

本研究目的為分析我國女子400M跨欄選手全程跑結構特徵之各欄間速度、步數、步頻及三個分段速度、分段速度遞減率，並探討各欄間節奏及速度變化情形與成績間之相關，期能為教練及選手在訓練、比賽之參考應用。本研究以2010年國際田徑邀請賽參加女子組400公尺跨欄之全程跑過程中，錄取預賽、決賽成績70秒內之國內十名選手為研究對象。利用10部SONY數位攝影機，拍攝全程跑比賽情形，擷取選手從起跑開始至越過終點線之跑步動作畫面，並參考官方網站所提供正式成績紀錄表，作為本研究原始成績之依據。在實驗完成後，透過KWON 3D動作分析系統進行數據處理。將所得運動學參數藉由Microsoft Excel 2003軟體進行各項數據計算，求得欄間步數、欄間步頻、欄間速度、分段速度、速度遞減率之相關數據並深入分析。研究結果如下：一、起跑至第一欄、第二欄至第八欄及第九欄至第十欄之欄間步數與成績達顯著相關，顯示我國選手逐漸減少欄間步數，是提升成績關鍵之一。二、本研究發現第九欄至第十欄之欄間步頻與比賽成績達顯著相關，說明我國選手欄間節奏特徵容易有忽然加快步頻、步幅縮減現象，使得欄間跑的節奏不穩定，比賽成績隨之增長。三、起跑至第十欄之欄間速度與成績皆達顯著負相關，亦即欄間速度越快，成績會越好，特別是在起跑至第二欄與第四欄至第七欄階段，選手的起跑加速與維持高速跑能力是欄間跑階段影響成績之關鍵所在。四、前、中、後三個分段速度與成績皆達顯著負相關，顯示三個分段速度皆影響比賽成績，特別是中段速度(第五欄至第八欄)影響比賽成績關係最大。五、前～中段分段速度遞減率高於中～後段分段速度遞減率，顯示我國選手速度分配不當，前半段速度快，但無法維持高速跑，使得後半段速度大幅下降。

The purpose of the study was to analysis the velocity of each hurdles, strides of each hurdles, stride frequency of each hurdles, three sections of velocity and section rates of deceleration. Discuss the correlation between the tempo of each hurdles and the velocity variation with the final results of Taiwan female athletes of 400m hurdles. The Subjects were ten female athletes of 400 m hurdles in Taiwan who passed the elimination and final in 70 seconds over the entire race in 2010 Taipei International Invitational Athletics Tournament. Ten Digital Video Camera Recorders to capture running motion from start to pass the finish line, and compared with official website providing formal racing forms, all of which were as the basis of the raw scores of the study. Kwon 3D Motion Analysis System was used to digitize the parameters. Microsoft Excel 2003 software was used to calculate the strides of each hurdles, stride frequency of each hurdles, velocity of each hurdles, velocity of each sections and section rates of deceleration, significant level p< .05. The results were as follows: 1. the strides of each hurdles from start to the first, to the second, to the eighth and to the ninth were all reach the significant level with the race results. 2. stride frequency from hurdle eighth to ninth was reach the significant level with the race results. 3. velocity of each hurdles form start to the tenth hurdle was shown negative correlation and reach the significant level with the race results. 4. section velocity of front, middle and after were shown negative correlation and reach the significant level with the race result