Publication:

體溫過低對運動表現影響之研究

中文摘要

本研究旨在探討人體在失溫狀況下的運動表現。洞悉人們處於低溫環境下對競技運動及休閒活動之影響，希藉以提供環境急症之意外失溫者和緊急醫療救護和運動競賽與訓練及休閒活動方面之參考。

筆者以為問題之重要性在於宇宙萬物皆受溫度影響，存在於地球上廣大的生物及人類活動也受溫度變化之作用。人體之運動機能也在無形中悄悄受到遷引。當體溫處於過低狀態時，其生理和心理所受之衝擊更是無可避免。人們日常的活動能力也在無聲無息中受到改變。 生活中那些人？那些環境？那些因素容易發生體溫過低現象呢？當發生體溫過低時之活動情境、行為能力、運動表現…等方面是否受到影響？置身於低溫環境從事休閒活動者之安全及滿意度，再則不幸處於低溫環境待援者之求生能力或救援者之救援效力…等，運動員在低溫環境之運動成績是否受到影響？

理論上體溫過低會使情緒低落、神經傳導變慢、肌肉收縮頻率趨緩、動作遲鈍與不協調，這一切對於運動表現影響之差異為何？不同身體組成與身材在相同之低溫環境下對降溫速度之影響是否也不同？其差異程度為何？　本研究為探索這些欲知之答案，乃經研究設計後施行實驗，將結果加以分析進而得到結論並提出建議。

本研究首先發掘了體溫過低問題的重要性，鎖定研究目的並提出假設、確立範圍、再涉入文獻探討進而著手實驗。在實驗設計方面以人體實驗為方式，採受試者浸泡於冰水中藉以快速降低體溫至體溫過低指標為手段，本研究人體受試樣本為10人，並分為；一、身體組成及身材對降低體溫時間之相關分析，二、體溫過低對運動表現之影響…等2個方面進行測量與測驗。

在身體組成與身材對體溫降低時間之相關方面，經7個項目之測量後得到指標再與降溫時間，進行皮爾森積差相關比對及分析，獲得其結果後發現，在身高與體脂率二項比其他5個項目達到較顯著之相關水準。 在體溫過低對運動表現影響方面，經10個變項之前測、後測得到指標，再以相依樣本T檢定進行資料處理及分析，結果顯示除了背肌力與準確能力2項未達顯著之外，其他8個項目之運動表現受體溫過低之影響均達顯著水準。

本研究結果值得提供休閒界、醫療界、緊急救護界、體育運動界、產業界、軍事…等方面之應用與參考。

Abstract

This research explores the effects on motor ability under hypothermia. The conclusions we make can be used as reference for activities taken in low temperature environments.

Everything is influenced by changes in temperature. All living creatures including humans are no exception. Human motor function is affected by temperature quietly but surely. Under the influence of hypothermia, human psychology and physiology cannot avoid being affected. Human motor function will be shaped by it as well. Certain settings, and factors lead to hypothermia. And certain psychological qualities, physical activities and sports will be affected. Safety, satisfaction, survivors’ abilities, rescuer’s abilities and athletes’performance will all be under the influence of hypothermia. In theory, hypothermia causes depression, slows neurotic response, impaired muscle control and coordination. Different body fat, muscle mass, body size will also play different roles in the interaction. This research intends to find out the answers to the various topics. After research design and experiment, this study analyzes the results and comes to my conclusions and recommendations.

At first, the significance of hypothermia was established. Then this study set the purpose of the research, presented hypotheses, defined range of experiment, collected literature and designed the experiment. The design of my study is based on human experiment. The Total number of samples was ten. The first part of the experiment is a relational analysis of body size, body fat and muscle mass and the speed of lowering temperature. The second part of study was concerned with the measurement and testing of hypothermia’s influence on physical motions. In the first part, this study measured seven variations and created index to be compared with the time of the lowering of temperature. After making Pearson product-moment correlation and analysis, we have the following results: there is significant correlation in body fat and height. In the second part, after measuring ten variables through pre-testing and post-testing and completing the t-test data analysis, experimentation found that eight out of ten variables were significant except back muscle strength and precision.

Hopefully, the result of this study will be of value to the recreation industry, medical profession, rescue workers, paramedics, sports medicine, and the military.