Publication:

輕艇水球過肩投擲動作之生物力學分析

輕艇水球是一種球類運動，但由於選手坐在船艇內，身體活動範圍與下肢動作會受到限制；其過肩投擲動作與其它球類運動也有所不同；然而，直至現今有關輕艇水球過肩投擲動作的研究卻鮮少發表。目的：為比較坐姿（同輕艇水球的坐姿）與站姿（雙腳平行站立）過肩投擲動作中的差異，並探究坐姿過肩投擲動作的特徵。方法：受試者包含15名輕艇水球國家代表隊選手，藉由VICON動作分析系統的使用，收集坐姿與站姿過肩投擲動作過程中，在投擲手臂、軀幹與下肢的動作，並以相依樣本t考驗分析坐姿與站姿過肩投擲動作的差異。結果：在投擲過程中，坐姿的最大肩關節水平內收角速度顯著高於站姿，而最大上軀幹旋轉角速度、最大骨盆旋轉角速度、最大軀幹前傾角速度與最大軀幹向左傾角速度皆低於站姿；在下肢的動作型式上，坐姿與站姿有顯著的差異；在球離手瞬間，坐姿投擲時軀幹呈現後傾的姿勢，站姿則完全相反。坐姿投擲時在肩關節水平內收角度顯著高於站姿，而肩關節外展與肩關節外旋角度則顯著低於站姿；最後在球速方面，坐姿與站姿則無顯著差異。結論：坐姿確實會影響過肩投擲動作的型式，包含投擲過程中軀幹呈現後傾、下肢動作中右腿呈現伸展-屈曲形式與左腿呈現屈曲-伸展形式，以及在球離手瞬間時肩關節出現較大水平內收角度，以上均為輕艇水球過肩投擲動作的特徵。

Canoe polo player has to sit inside the boat instead of standing to perform all shooting skills. This unique throwing position may have impact on the kinetic chain transferring from upper body to the lower body during overarm throwing, so to the movement of leg driving. The overarm throwing motions in canoe polo are quite different from other sports, but only few studies focused on the kinematic changes during overarm throwing by sitting. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences during overarm throwing between sitting position especially designed for canoe polo and normal standing position, and to analyze the overarm throwing motion characteristic especially on the “sitting” position in canoe polo. Method: Fifteen national team canoe polo players were involved in this study. The VICON motion analysis system was used to measure the overarm throw motion variations in the sitting position and normal standing position. The difference between two throwing position variables was tested by using a paired t test. Results: During throwing, the sitting position showed a greater maximum shoulder horizontal adduction angular velocity and significantly lesser angular velocity in maximum upper torso rotation, maximum pelvis rotation, maximum forward trunk tilt and maximum left trunk tilt. The lower extremities movement patterns were different from two throwing positions. At the instant of ball release, the sitting position had a significantly greater shoulder horizontal adduction angle, lesser angles in shoulder abduction and shoulder external rotation. A backward trunk tilt at the instant of ball release was also found only in sitting position. No significant differences were observed in ball velocity between two throwing positions. Conclusion: All results found many body segmental movement patterns were changed to fit the sitting position on canoe polo overarm throw. During throwing, the trunk was in a backward tilt, players also exhibited an extension-flexion pattern for right leg, a flexion-extension pattern for left leg and greater shoulder horizontal adduction angles at the instant of ball release were characteristics of canoe polo overarm throw.