Publication:

運動與宗教節慶之變遷

運動的魅力無遠弗屆、風靡全球，宗教的現象在人類社會變遷中無所不在。節慶，大部分皆具有宗教活動或崇拜儀式的性質。運動的場域，是否亦與神聖的宗教節慶具有類似的象徵符號？擁有共享的概念？兩者間擁有哪些象徵意義的關聯或價值？本文目的旨在探討古代運動與宗教節慶之起源與變遷，進而分析近代宗教節慶中運動主體性之轉變，最後評析運動結合宗教節慶之價值。本文採文獻分析法與歷史研究法，以歷史學的觀點嘗試分析導致變遷的理由，探討運動在東西方宗教節慶中的變遷脈絡與意義。研究發現，古代宗教節慶中，藉由身體性的儀式活動使宗教進入神聖的空間，生命的神聖被彰顯而恢復，慶典儀式中包含原始體育的內容，運動受到宗教的掌控及影響。近代運動的發展則漸趨系統化與組織化，甚至創造出屬於運動自身的符號系統與儀式性動作，並透過文化深化運動文化的領域。近代宗教節慶反而須利用運動行使其傳教的目的，藉由身體展演喚醒人類對宗教慶典的記憶，透過運動文化傳播宗教信仰；科學的倡明與教育的提倡，促進運動主體性的提高，使得神聖的超自然力量在無形中已轉化至運動情境，由神格化的宗教信仰落至人格化的運動世界之中。

The charm of sports is borderless and pervasive worldwide, while religion also exists ubiquitously in spite of changes to human society. Most of the festivals include the characteristics of religious activities and worshipful ceremonies. In sport field, does it have similar symbolic marks or sharing concepts like holy religious festivals? Are there any symbolic relationships or values in both festivals and sports? The purpose of this study aims to explore the origin and changes between ancient sports and religious festivals. Moreover, it will analyze the changes of main part of sports in recent religious festivals. Finally, the values of combining sports and religious festivals will be evaluated and analyzed. This study has adopted literature analysis and historical research methods in an attempt to analyze the causes leading to the changes of human society, from the perspective of history, in order to explore the changes and significance of sports in oriental and western religious festivals. Through body ceremonies, ancient religious festivals brought religion into sacred spaces in which the sacredness of life was manifested and restored. As those religious festival ceremonies contained primitive athletic elements, sports in that circumstance were controlled and affected by the religion. Modern sports development tends to be systematic. There are even symbolic systems and ritual actions belonging to sports. These elements enhance the religious festivals and deepen the arena of athletic culture. Consequently, modern religious festivals have to utilize sports as means of preaching religion. Body demonstrations awaken human memories of religious festivals, and religion is thus disseminated through athletic culture. The promotion of science and education will facilitate the improvement of sports subjectivity, sacred supernatural power is then intangibly moved to the athletic context.